ABSTRACT
Background: Water resource management is a strategic issue in Qom city. Water scarcity is one of the most critical concerns of industrial estates. This study aimed to evaluate wastewater management in the Shokuhieh industrial park of Qom province in 2013
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done by visiting the industrial units in person, completing questionnaires and analyzing the results. The questionnaire had 25 questions, including general information, the status of water supply, treatment and consumption, wastewater production, reuse or discharge of produced wastewater and the status of wastewater treatment and discharge of effluent. The industrial units evaluated were active with over 50 personnel and numbered 44 in total
Results: The water suppliers in the industries included network [70.5%], network and reverse osmosis [RO] [22.5%], network and tanker [2.4%] and tanker [4.6%]. 63.63% of the industries had water treatment systems. 19.5% reused wastewater and 31.8% performed pretreatment before discharge of wastewater. The discharge sites of water treatment units' effluent included the absorption well [17%], greenbelt [18%] and sewer [65%]. Discharge sites of sanitary wastewater in 50% of the industries was sewer and in 50%, it was absorption well. The discharge sites of processed wastewater was reuse [2%], sewer [52%] and absorption well [46%]. Discharge sites of exiting effluent from pretreatment units in the industrial park, included sewer [85.5%], transport by tanker [7.1%] and absorption well [7.1%]. The type of pretreatment process in 35.7% of the industries was chemical and in 64.3%, it was septic tank
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that pre-treatment is not done in most industries and wastewater reuse is performed in few industries. The main method of wastewater disposal in industries was by discharge into the sewer and absorbent well
ABSTRACT
Introduction: As, post-traumatic stress disorder[PTSD] could effect on life personal and social performance, so psychologists, psychiatrists and the other experts have focused on control and treatment of this disorder
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of cognitive therapy onpatients with PTSD in BonyadShahidcounseling Center in Sanandaj
Method: The design of the study was clinical trial design before and after. The sample of study was 40 patients with PTSD that selected by census sampling method in 2013. Instruments of study were posttraumatic stress disorder inventory by Norris and Reed [1997] and cognitive therapy
Results: The results of present study showed cognitive therapy had significant effect [t=5.47, df [38], p=0.000] on the treatment of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Results also indicated that cognitive therapy reduces Intrusive memories [t=.4.32, df [38], p=0.000] of the four components of interpersonal communication problems [t=.4.81, df[38], p=0.000], lack of emotional control [t=.4.32,df[38],p<0.006] and depression [t=.4.32, df[38], p
Conclusion: According to results from the present study, also the effect of cognitive therapy on patients with PTSD, it is recommended to use cognitive therapy technique in counselling centers and also psychiatric and psychological clinics