ABSTRACT
Background: infertility is a serious health problem that affects the individual, her/his family, and the community. Infertility is defined as failure to achieve clinical pregnancy after at least 12 months of unprotected coitus
Objective: the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of primary and secondary infertility and the associated factors in Yazd Greater Area during 2014-2015
Materials and Methods: this is a cross-sectional analytic study using Yazd Health Study data which was conducted on 10,000 people. We studied 2611 women between 20-49 yr old who lived in Yazd Greater Area. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire. Anthropometrics were collected using standardized instruments
Results: among women participating in the study, 135 cases of infertility were documented and the overall prevalence of infertility was 4.73% [95% CI: 3.94%-5.59%], among them 2.6% [95% CI: 2.4-3.8%] had primary and 2.1% [95% CI: 1.8-3.4%] had secondary infertility. In this study, infertility was significantly correlated with age [r=0.051, p=0.032], educational level [r=-0.41, p=0.001], body mass index [r=-0.012, p=0.018], waist circumference [r=0.027, p=0.022], history of abortion [r=0.099, p=0.026], and family history of infertility [r=0.121, p=0.001]
Conclusion: the results of our study showed that the prevalence of infertility among women living in Yazd was lower compared to the other regions in Iran. Female factors were the main cause of infertility in central part of Iran
ABSTRACT
Early detection through screening is the best method to reduce death due to breast cancer. It has been shown, having knowledge and generating positive attitudes, influences the decision of women to participate in the screening programs. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with breast cancer screening [BCS] and with an intention to have screening among women in Tehran, Iran. A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to July 2011, among women who had attended to primary health-care centers in West Tehran using multi-stage sampling method. We invited 1,240 women sequentially to complete a self-administered survey questionnaire at the beginning of their visit; and 1,012 [82%] completed the survey. The questionnaire included, items drawn from the Preventive Health Model that assess socio-demographic background and perceptions about BCS. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with screening and intention to do screening in the future. The mean age of subjects was 38.2 years. Women who perceived more screening efficacy [odd ratio [OR] =1.63; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.12-2.37] and fewer performance barriers [OR = 0.82; CI 95%: 0.68-0.97] were more likely to perform clinical breast exam in the future. The women who reported higher clinical breast exam self-efficacy [OR = 1.82; CI 95%: 1.39 2.37], mammography self-efficacy [OR = 1.31; CI 95%: 1.04-1.65], screening efficacy [OR = 1.53; CI 95%: 1.18 1.97], and family influence [OR = 1.27; CI 95%: 1.05-1.54], and those who reported fewer screening performance barriers [OR = 0.56; CI 95%: 0.48-0.67] were more likely to decide for carried out mammography in the future. Most respondents indicated that they intended to do clinical breast exam and mammography in the future [75.8% and 72.1% respectively]. About 65% of women reported they would do both. We found that women's intention to do BCS was very high and a comprehensive national program is needed to guide their intention. Among different demographic factors, the impact of education level on doing BCS was significant
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted in order to determine the validity and reliability of Chen Internet Addiction Scale [CIAS] among the medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This was a cross sectional study on 214 medical students of Tehran University who completed the Chen Internet Addiction Scale [CIAS] and Internet Addiction Scale [IAS] in autumn and winter of 2010-2011. The sampling was performed with available sampling method. After translation of CIAS, the face validity was confirmed by three community medicine specialists. Then IAD, demographic and internet use data forms were filled by the medical students. Validity and reliability of CIAS questionnaire was evaluated with factorial analysis, internal consistency, convergent validity, and Cronbach alpha test by SPSS soft ware. In the validity investigation of CIAS, convergent validity shows [r=0.85] with [P=0.001] and factorial analysis by varimax rotation, revealed five factors. In the reliability investigation of CIAS, results of cronbach alpha, was [alpha =0.93]. The validity and reliability of CIAS was acceptable but due to the lack of an approved gold standard in the diagnosis of internet addiction, further studies are needed for agreement on clinical diagnostic criteria in order to determine proper cut off point for the questionnaire. This is a fundamental step in the planning, preventing and treatment of this disorder
Subject(s)
Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Students, Medical , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and general anxiety of the prisoners of war [POW] children. The study was also designed to compare the prevalence of depression and general anxiety amongst the POW's children and normal adults, 20 years after the Iraq-Iran war. An analytic cross-sectional study carried out in June 2009 in Yazd [the centre of Yazd province in Iran]. The target and sampled population were the children of the Iranian POW who lived in Yazd. One hundred and twenty six POW's children, who were born before 1990 [date of father's freedom] were assessed. The duration of father's captivation was between 29-119 months. Ninety-five subjects accepted to participate. General anxiety and major depression were assessed by Persian version of Hamilton Scale for anxiety and Beck depression Inventory. This study was a combination of the psychological interview and questionnaire. Ninety five of normal adult group were also paired matched and assessed. Among 126 POW's children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, the responsive rate was 75.3% [95 participants].The mean age of participants was 28.3 [SD: 5.34].The father's captivation duration were 29-119 months [mean: 79.2, SD: 21.6]. The prevalence of depression and general anxiety amongst the POW's children were 48.4% and 79%. The prevalence of depression and general anxiety among the paired group were 21.1% and 63.2%.The differences between two groups were significant [p =0.000]. In this study we have demonstrated the prevalence of major depression and general anxiety in POW's children and a normal adult sample. The differences of major depression and general anxiety among the two groups were significant