ABSTRACT
Background: This study aimed to do a review on the applications of porous titanium granules (PTG) in periodontal and non-periodontal treatments. Methods: An electronic search was carried out in Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the key words “guided tissue regeneration”, “intrabony defects”, “porous titanium granules” and “moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis”. English articles published from 2006 to 2014 were searched. Results: Porous titanium granules showed positive results in enhancing the outcome of treatment in medicine. Most of the relevant studies have been conducted using culture media or animal models. Conclusion: It can be stated that PTGs have many applications in periodontal procedures due to their space maintaining capability, long-term substantivity, not requiring a membrane and biocompatibility.
ABSTRACT
Clinical crown of the tooth is the distance from gingival margin to incisal edge or occlusal surface of the tooth. A short clinical crown is defined as any tooth with less than 2 mm of sound, opposing parallel walls remaining after occlusal and axial reduction. Although implants have reasonably high success rate, recent literature showed that keeping patient’s tooth has numerous benefits. Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure designed to increase the extent of the supragingival tooth structure, so that the clinician can restore the tooth. The aim of the current study is to review the implications of CL in routine dental practice. To reach this aim, diagnosis requirements, restorative procedures after crown lengthening, stability of crown lengthening and esthetic crown lengthening are discussed in different sessions.
ABSTRACT
Background: Gingival hyperpigmentation usually occurs due to the abnormal accumulation of melanin in the gingival tissue and confers a dark appearance to the gingiva. Gingival hyperpigmentation often compromises smile esthetics and can occur due to several physiological disorders. Several treatment options are available for this condition; however, laser seems to be the most reliable and satisfactory treatment modality in this regard. Aim: This study reviews the outcome of laser treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation in terms of response to treatment and recurrence. Study Design: Review. Place and Duration of Study: Department of periodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Dental School, between March 2015 and July 2015. Methodology: An electronic search of the literature was carried out in PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published from January 2000 to June 2015 using the key words “gingiva”, “pigmentation”, “hyperpigmentation”, “repigmentation”, “therapy”, “depigmentation”, “melanin pigmentation”, “diode laser”, “Er:YAG”, “Nd:YAG” and “laser therapy”. A total of 11 articles met the criteria and their full texts were thoroughly reviewed. Results: Studies showed no pain, bleeding or sign of impaired wound healing following laser treatment. The results were satisfactory in all studies and recurrence during the follow up period was not reported. Conclusion: Laser therapy has optimal efficacy for treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation with low recurrence rate.