ABSTRACT
Dexamethasone has been used in oral and maxillofacial surgery for postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus following third molar surgeries. It is a potent and powerful drug that can alleviate the aforementioned postoperative sequelae. Dexamethasone is responsible for inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators in the inflammation process to improve patient quality of life after surgical intervention. There are several available routes of administering dexamethasone. This article will help determine the suggested routes of administration, dosage, parameters, and dexamethasone timing for third molar surgeries.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Previous studies have investigated the effects of dexamethasone injections into the pterygomandibular space and compared them to those of controls; however, the effects of dexamethasone injections before and after lower third molar surgery on postoperative complications have not been studied. This research investigated the postoperative sequelae of dexamethasone injections before and after surgery into the pterygomandibular space. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative and postoperative injections of 4 mg of dexamethasone into the pterygomandibular space on postoperative pain, facial swelling, and the restriction of mouth opening following lower third molar surgical removal. @*Methods@#Twenty-seven participants with bilateral symmetrical lower impacted third molars were included in this study. Each participant was randomly allocated to one of two groups. Group A received injections of 1 ml dexamethasone (4 mg/mL) and 1 mL placebo into the pterygomandibular space before and after surgery, respectively. Group B received the same doses of placebo before surgery and dexamethasone after surgery. @*Results@#A significant restriction of mouth opening on the second postoperative day was observed in both groups. Nonetheless, the postoperative restriction of mouth opening, facial swelling, postoperative pain, and analgesic consumption after lower third molar surgical removal were not significantly different in the two groups. @*Conclusions@#Regardless of the time of administration, dexamethasone injections into the pterygomandibular space resulted in satisfactory control of the postoperative sequelae of the mandibular third molar surgical removal.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the effect of N-benzyl-4-bromobenzamide [NBBA] on lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-induced IL-6 and prostaglandin E[2] [PGE[2]] production in human gingival fibroblasts [HGFs]
Material and Methods:The benzamide compound was synthesized. The condition for IL-6 production of HGFs after induction with LPS was optimized. The HGFs were incubated with NBBA [10 micro g/ml] for 30 min before LPS [1 micro g/ ml] was added. After 24 h of incubation time, the culture media were harvested and their IL-6 and PGE[2] contents were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Prednisolone [PDS] and NS-398 were used as positive controls. Statistical analysis of the IL-6 and PGE[2] contents was performed using the ANOVA test followed by the Tukey multiple- comparisons test to compare replicate means. p < 0.001 was considered statistically significant
Results:The maximum IL-6 production was achieved when HGFs were exposed to 1 micro g/ml of LPS for 24 h, which was inhibited by the IL-6 immunosuppressant PDS. The benzamide compound, NBBA, exhibited a potent anti-IL-6 activity with inhi- bition of 35.6 +/- 0.5%, significantly different from in the LPSinduced HGFs [p < 0.001]. In addition, it inhibited 75.6 +/- 0.52% PGE[2] production. Cell viability was not significantly affected by treatment with NBBA at a concentration <10 micro g/ ml [p < 0.001]
Conclusions:NBBA exhibited an inhibitory effect on the production of IL-6 and PGE[2] in LPS-induced HGFs. It could serve as a compound with inhibiting inflammatory activity in periodontal disease