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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1410062

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se presenta revisión narrativa sobre nefritis intersticial crónica de comunidades agrícolas (CINAC, siglas del inglés Chronic Interstitial Nephritis in Agricultural Communities). Se discute la etiología, manifestaciones clínicas, manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de esta afección.


ABSTRACT A narrative review on Chronic Interstitial Nephritis in Agricultural Communities (CINAC) is presented. The etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutic management of this condition are discussed.

2.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 40(3)sept. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408558

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Desde hace 20 años se presenta en Centroamérica una enfermedad renal crónica que fundamentalmente afecta a hombres agricultores y no asociada a las causas tradicionales. Se caracteriza por presentar una nefritis intersticial crónica, en tanto las características ultraestructurales no se conocen con exactitud. En su origen se invoca el uso de agroquímicos y otros agentes nefrotóxicos, la deshidratación crónica, el consumo de medicamentos, entre otros factores. Objetivo: Describir las características ultraestructurales de la nefritis intersticial crónica en comunidades agrícolas. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se estudiaron muestras de biopsias renales de ocho pacientes con diagnóstico de nefritis intersticial crónica de las comunidades agrícolas. Resultados: De los ocho pacientes estudiados, dos (25 por ciento) trabajaban en labores agrícolas y cinco eran del sexo femenino (62,5 por ciento). Dos de los pacientes (25 por ciento) presentaban una enfermedad renal crónica estadio 2, y seis (75 por ciento) estadio 3. En cinco pacientes se hallaron fagolisosomas con presencia de componente lipídico entremezclado con material electrodenso en células del túbulo distal. En igual cantidad de pacientes se observaron cuerpos mieloides con zonas laminadas y núcleo central en células de túbulo proximal y de los vasos sanguíneos. Conclusiones: En pacientes de comunidades agrícolas que padecen nefritis intersticial crónica se evidencian fagolisosomas y estructuras mieloides en túbulos y vasos renales, cuyo contenido y origen se desconocen(AU)


Introduction: Chronic kidney disease mainly affecting male farmers and not associated to traditional causes has been present in Central America for twenty years. The condition is characterized by the presence of chronic interstitial nephritis, but its ultrastructural features are not fully known. Factors suggested as responsible for its occurrence include the use of agrochemicals and other nephrotoxic agents, chronic dehydration and medicine consumption. Objective: Describe the ultrastructural characteristics of chronic interstitial nephritis in farming communities. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted of renal biopsy samples from eight patients diagnosed with chronic interstitial nephritis in farming communities. Results: Of the eight patients studied, two (25 percent) were farm workers and five (62.5percent) were female. Two of the patients (25 percent) had stage 2 and six (75 percent) stage 3 chronic kidney disease. In five patients evidence was found of phagolysosomes with lipid component mixed with electrodense material in distal tubule cells. An equal number of patients had myeloid bodies with laminated areas and central nucleus in proximal tubule and blood vessel cells. Conclusions: Evidence of phagolysosomes and myeloid structures of unknown content and origin was found in renal tubules and vessels of patients from farming communities diagnosed with chronic interstitial nephritis(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Phagosomes , Microscopy, Electron/methods , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology , Chronic Kidney Diseases of Uncertain Etiology/pathology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
3.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 72(2): e531, mayo.-ago. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1149918

ABSTRACT

Introduction: An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of devastating consequences has been taking place in El Salvador over the last few decades. In a significant portion of affected subjects, no other common cause of chronic kidney disease is present, such as diabetes and hypertension. This illness is usually called Chronic Kidney Disease from Non-Traditional Causes (CKDnT). Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of exposure to agrochemicals in affected populations, particularly in rural areas. In addition to sustained exposure to agrochemicals, the other leading hypothesis to explain this epidemic is prolonged exposure to high temperatures and dehydration in a context of exhausting agricultural work. Objectives: To assess the possible causal effect of exposure to agrochemicals in the emergence of the CKD epidemic in the adult population of El Salvador. Methods: We conducted a case-control analysis based on the 2015 survey of Chronic Diseases in Adults in El Salvador, a national probabilistic sample that covered 4,817 adults ;20 years old. Those suffering from CKD were considered cases; the rest were managed as controls. Self-reported agrochemical exposures, other risk factors and health conditions were recorded. For binary exposures, the odds ratio (OR) of CKD and CKDnT was estimated. For variables measuring length of exposure, the average valu 8203; 8203;for cases and for controls were compared. In all cases, the corresponding 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between exposure to agrochemicals and CKD while controlling for potential confounding variables. Results: Regardless of how past exposure to agrochemicals was characterized (e.g., contact with paraquat or aerial fumigation) the OR of both CKD and CKDnT was always greater than 1.0 (range, 1.36 to 3.75). Similarly, the average number of years of exposure was consistently higher for cases than for controls for all continuous variables examined (greater than 2 years in most cases). Conclusions: The results of this study are consistent with previous epidemiologic and toxicological evidence and support the hypothesis that exposure to agrochemicals may be causally implicated in the ongoing CKD epidemics in El Salvador(AU)


Introducción: Durante las últimas décadas, una epidemia de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) de consecuencias devastadoras ha tenido lugar en El Salvador. Una parte importante de los sujetos afectados, no padece de una causa frecuente para padecer enfermedad renal crónica, tal como como diabetes e hipertensión. En tal caso, suele distinguirse la dolencia mediante el nombre de Enfermedad Renal Crónica de Causas no Tradicionales (ERCnT). Estudios previos muestran una alta prevalencia de exposición a agroquímicos en las poblaciones afectadas, particularmente en las zonas rurales. Además de la exposición sostenida a agroquímicos, la otra hipótesis principal para explicar esta epidemia es la exposición prolongada a altas temperaturas y deshidratación, en un contexto de trabajo agrícola agotador. Objetivos: Evaluar el posible efecto causal de la exposición a agroquímicos en la irrupción de la epidemia de ERC en la población adulta de El Salvador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, a partir de la Encuesta de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles en Adultos en El Salvador, basada en una muestra probabilística nacional que abarcó 4,817 adultos de 20 o más años de edad, concluida en 2015. Fueron considerados casos todos aquellos que padecían ERC; el resto dos restantes participantes se manejaron como controles. Se registraron las exposiciones a agroquímicos, así como a otros factores de riesgo y condiciones de salud según testimonio de los participantes. Para las exposiciones binarias, se estimó la razón de odds (OR) con respecto a padecer ERC y ERCnT. Para las variables que medían la duración de la exposición, se compararon los valores medios para casos y controles. En todos los casos, se calcularon los respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95 por ciento. Se utilizó la regresión logística multivariada para examinar la asociación entre la exposición a agroquímicos y la ERC, controlando las posibles variables confusoras. Resultados: Independientemente de cómo fuera caracterizada la exposición pasada a agroquímicos (por ejemplo, contacto con paraquat o fumigación aérea), el OR de ERC y ERCnT siempre fue mayor que 1.0 (rango, 1.36 a 3.75). Del mismo modo, la media de años de exposición fue consistentemente más alta para los casos que para los controles, para todas las variables continuas examinadas (más de 2 años en la mayoría de los casos). Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio son consistentes con la evidencia epidemiológica y toxicológica previa y respaldan la hipótesis de que la exposición a agroquímicos puede estar causalmente implicada en la epidemia de ERC que se registra en El Salvador(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Agrochemicals/adverse effects , Pesticide Exposure , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Epidemics , Case-Control Studies , El Salvador/epidemiology
4.
Salud pública Méx ; 55(6): 564-571, nov.-dic. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-705993

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Identificar las investigaciones sobre calidad de la atención en el IMSS. Material y métodos. Estudio bibliométrico, transversal, retrospectivo y descriptivo, sobre las publicaciones del IMSS de 1992 a 2011. Resultados. Se identificaron 881 investigaciones sobre calidad de la atención (11% IC95% 10.6-12.0) de 7 762 trabajos. Se publicaron 946 artículos (8.9% IC95% 8.4-9.5) relacionados con la calidad. Conclusiones. Se identificó interés en realizar investigación sobre calidad del servicio. Habrá que establecer cuál ha sido el impacto en la mejora de la atención, y su contribución a la toma de decisiones en materia de salud.


Objective. To identify studies on quality of health care in the IMSS. Materials and methods. A bibliometric, descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted, from 1992 to 2011. Results. We identified 881 research studies related to the issue of quality (CI95% 10.6-12.0) of 7 762 studies presented at the annual research meetings. 10 521 articles were published in this period of time and only 946 (CI95% 8.4-9.5) were linked to the issue of quality. Conclusions. The results of this study allowed us to identify the interest about research on quality. Further research is needed to establish what has been the impact on the improvement of quality in health care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bibliometrics , Publishing/statistics & numerical data , Quality of Health Care , Academies and Institutes , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery of Health Care , Mexico , Research/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Social Security
6.
Rev. peru. ginecol. obstet. (En línea) ; 57(4): 259-265, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050149

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cáncer de cérvix es la causa más frecuente de muerte en la sierra central peruana. El tratamiento quirúrgico (histerectomía total laparoscópica e histerectomía radical más linfadenectomía pélvica laparoscópica) es el recurso terapéutico mayormente curativo en los estadios iníciales (Ia1, Ia2 y Ib1). Hace un año en el Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital IV Huancayo iniciamos el tratamiento quirúrgico laparoscópico en estos estadios. Objetivos: Revisar los resultados de histerectomía laparoscópica en cáncer microinvasivo de cuello uterino. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo. Institución: Servicio de Ginecología, Hospital IV Huancayo, EsSalud, Junín, Perú. Pacientes: Doce mujeres sometidas a histerectomía laparoscópica por carcinoma microinvasivo de cérvix. Intervenciones: En seis mujeres con diagnóstico preoperatorio de cáncer de cérvix por conización cervical y estadio clínico Ia1 se les realizó histerectomía laparoscópica, con un tiempo operatorio de 59,16 minutos y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria de 4,1 días. A otras seis mujeres con estadio clínico Ia2-Ib1 se les realizó histerectomía radical más linfadenectomía pélvica laparoscópica, con un tiempo operatorio de 3 horas 58 minutos y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria de 10,1 días. Principales medidas de resultados: Curación clínica. Resultados: Todos los diagnósticos fueron confirmados con la pieza operatoria, y todas las pacientes estaban teóricamente curadas (márgenes libres, ganglios negativos); una paciente presentó complicaciones, requiriendo estancia prolongada (8,3%). Conclusiones: La histerectomía total laparoscópica y la histerectomía radical más linfadenectomía pélvica laparoscópica pueden ser realizadas de manera más rápida y radical con respecto a la histerectomía convencional por laparotomía. Ambas son intervenciones factibles y seguras, que pueden garantizar la curación en el carcinoma microinvasivo de cuello uterino.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Laparoscopy , Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital , Hysterectomy
7.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 16(6): 642-647, dic. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630990

ABSTRACT

Para evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con Leucaena sobre la degradabilidad de la materia seca (MS) del pasto Alemán (PA), se determinó in situ la degradabilidad potencial (a+b), fracción soluble (a), máxima a 96 h (b), tasa de degradación (c), pH ruminal y nitrógeno amoniacal. Se utilizaron tres machos Criollo Limonero castrados, con 14 días de adaptación a la dieta (F1) y 4 días de incubación (F2). Las dietas fueron: T1: PA + alimento concentrado (AC), T2: PA + Leucaena 2 kg una vez al día y T3, PA + Leucaena 2 kg suministrada 1 kg en la mañana otro en la tarde. Durante F2 las bolsas de nylon se incubaron secuencialmente, a 0; 6; 12; 24; 48; 72 y 96 horas. Se midió el pH del líquido ruminal en F2 a las 0; 3; 6; 9; 12 y 24 h. Se utilizó un diseño en cuadrado latino con tres repeticiones, la degradabilidad ruminal se analizó mediante regresión no lineal. No se encontró diferencia para a, b y c entre los tratamientos, mientras que para la a+b el valor alto (P < 0,05) se obtuvo para T3 (62,91%) en comparación con T1 y T2 (58,31 y 59,17%, respectivamente). El pH ruminal mas alto (P < 0,05) se observó en T3 (6,74), comparado con T1 y T2 (6,66; 6,65; respectivamente). Los valores de nitrógeno ruminal fueron 405,00; 486,14 y 508,25 mg L-1 para T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente. Se concluye que el suministro de L. leucocephala dos veces por día, mejora la degradabilidad del pasto Alemán.


To evaluate the effects of Leucaena supplementation on in situ ruminal dry matter (DM) degradability of Aleman-grass (AG), DM potential degradability (a+b), soluble fraction (a), maximum degradability (DM), degradation rate (c), ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen, three ruminal cannulated Criollo Limonero steers were fed at 14-day adaptation period (F1) and samples were taken during the following 4-day period (F2). Diets were: T1, Aleman-grass (AG) + concentrate (CO); T2, PA + 2 kg Leucaena once a day and T3, PA + 2 kg Leucaena twice a day. During F2 nylon bags were sequentially incubated on 0; 6; 12; 24; 48; 72 and 96 h, and rumen contents pH were measured on 0; 3; 6; 9; 12 y 24 h post feeding. A Latin Square design with three replications was used and ruminal degradability data was analyzed by nonlinear regression model. No differences between treatments were found for a, b and c. a+b was higher (P < 0.05) on T3 (62.91%) than T1 (58.31%) or T2 (59.17%). Ruminal pH was higher (P < 0.05) in T3 (6.74) than T1 (6.66) and T2 (6.65). Ammonia nitrogen values were 405.00; 486.14 and 508.25 mg L-1 for T1, T2 y T3, respectively. It was conclude that L. leucocephala fed twice a day increases DM degradability of Aleman-grass.

8.
Salud ment ; 29(5): 9-15, Sep.-Oct. 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-985971

ABSTRACT

resumen está disponible en el texto completo


Abstract: Introduction Several outbreaks of Epidemic Conversión Disorder are occurring in different groups of people in the world. Rather than being viewed as a number of people suffering from individual conversion disorder, epidemic hysteria is considered as a social phenomenon involving otherwise healthy people. We received a report letter from Dirección General de Epidemiología, about the existence of a large number of possible food poisoning cases among students, attending morning sessions at a technical high school, located in the downtown area of Mexico City. Twelve students were driven to the Mexican Red Cross Hospital due to fainting. The aims of this study were to determine the cause of such outbreak in a group of adolescents; to get an adequate explanation about the origin of the event; to identify the event dissemination ways and associates risk factors. Methods Study design: A matched case-control study was carried out to identify factors associated with the illness. Two control cases were randomly selected from the list of nonill students for each case. Fifty two cases and 104 controls were included. Hypotheses: Following the good health status determined by the physician at the hospital, we started the initial interview with the students. We reached the following possible hypotheses regarding the origin of this outbreak: first, the event was due to food poisoning; second, to the inhalation of a toxic gas such as carbon monoxide and thirdly, by exposure to high levels of contaminants. Finnaly, it might be a mass event of conversion disorder. Variables: Among the variables included in the study were: sex, age, class group, location of the student at the time of the out-break, and foods eaten during recess and immediately before the outbreak. All the students present at the time of the outbreak were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Laboratory Simultaneously, samples of the food-products sold in and around the school that day were collected for bacteriologic and chemical analyses, the existence of a gas leak, carbon monoxide source, or any other airborne pollutant was investigated by the research team. Analyses: The demographic characteristics were analyzed by descriptive statistic; association between risk factors as possible causes of the event was determined by multivariate analysis at 95% confidence interval. Results: The outbreak occurred in the building of a downtown public school in Mexico City. The school has three floors, surrounding a central yard. There are 11 classrooms, two laboratories, an art workshop and a school medical clinic. The total duration of outbreak was 15 minutes. There were 455 students enrolled in the morning program, all of them were interviewed. A total of 52 cases was identified, among the 455 students, for an attack rate of 11.4%. There were three groups in which no cases were found. The attack rate in girls was 3.9 times higher than in boys. Sixty five percent of the cases occurred in two of the nine classrooms (1° B and 2° A). All the students of one group had been waiting at the patio for over an hour during an interclass break. Case cero was a girl from this group with a previous history of fainting. The outbreak occurred outside class-room in the central yard. Five female classmates of case cero fainted while they were with her in the yard. Cases then spread rapidly to the first floor with an attack rate of 13.2 percent, the second floor had 7.7 percent, and finally the third floor had 2.1 percent. All cases had fainted as per case definition. Additionally, headache was a prominent symptom occurring in 88 percent, paresthesias in 56 percent, and perceived difficulty in moving arms or legs in 35 percent. Also almost a quarter of the cases complained of irritation of the eyes and nose. Within one hour, all had completely recovered. Five days after the problem, three girls fainted; no outbreak occurred. Being a girl or belonging to class groups 1°B or 2°A, were the most significant risk factors, with (p 0.001). Also being less than 15 years of age was a significant risk factor for illness. The analysis of food preference data in the cases and controls showed that drinking a fruit beverage "X" was not related to the illness. Foods such as sandwiches, brought from home and cookies, candies and popcorn bought from street venders, had a borderline significant association with the illness. However, the number of cases attributable to these foods was very low. Also, it was difficult to figure out how sandwiches were prepared by mothers of individual students and how this factor could be implicated. No pathogen toxin or toxic chemical were identified in the food samples. Some foods studied in the crude analysis were ruled out in the multivariate analysis. A thorough environmental was negative, there being no evidence of a continuing gas leak or other causes. The pollution levels during that week were reported as being within the normal range, by the Metropolitan Index of Air Quality (IMECA). In order to evaluate psychological factors, individual interviews were carried out. The psychologist found that the cases tended to have one or both parents absent from home due to divorce or death, and their family have been damaged by eco-nomic problems. In addition, psychological testing showed that these cases had higher anxiety levels than controls. Discussion According to our findings, this outbreak appears as a Epidemic Conversion Disorder. First, no biologic cause was found for the cases. In addition, there was not any evidence to implicate food poisoning, no source of toxic gas could be identified at the school, and the levels of air pollution were not above normal levels. The clinical presentation was not different from the fainting and paresthesia reported in others studies, nor was sex distribution. One possible explanation for the initial case was the time of sun exposure in the schoolyard. Subsequent spread of the outbreak was due to psychological and extra-medical factors, including publicity by the mass media. Interestingly the spread was stopped immediately after closure of the school for one day. All the findings of the psychological reports, applied by another researcher group add further weight to this conclusion. In support to our results, many studies has been reported in which the clinical manifestations are the same that we found. In these reports, the outbreak occurred frequently among women, teenagers, students of elementary and secondary schools and chorus, in whom no organic etiology or precipitant causes can be identified. Some authors have reported that the phenomena is more evident in groups with hormonal changes, rigid discipline used in music bands, and during periods of exams or situations under stress. Such circumstances are more related to the outbreak. Some studies have demonstrated that dysfunctional families, divorced or dead parents, play a mayor role in comparison with other factors such as socioeconomic level, religion or ethnicity. The mechanisms of these events have not been clearly identified. The typical course of a psychogenic epidemic at a workplace progresses from sudden onset, often with dramatic symptoms, to a rapidly attained peak that draws much publicity and is followed by quick disappearance of the symptoms. Over 90% of the affected people are women, and the signs range from dizziness, vomiting, nausea, and fainting to epileptic type seizures, and hyperventilation. Predisposing factors include boredom, physical stressors, poor labor-management relations, impaired interpersonal communications and lack of social support. The rapid spread in the conversion disorder, is by visual contact; the treatment should be directed towards the underlying stressors but the out-break may be prolonged. In Epidemic Conversion Disorder the abnormality is confined to group interactions. This outbreak shows the importance of psychological support in populations with risk factors of presenting the illness. The social problems among large populations produce an unforgettable painful experience, mainly among teenagers who dealt with the psychological damage with-out any support.

9.
CES odontol ; 18(1): 23-23, ene.-feb. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-467187

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad periodontal presenta una etiología multifactorial donde están implicados varios factores de riesgo, entre ellos la interleuqina 1Beta, citoquina proinflamatoria asociada con reabsorción ósea y con el catabolismo de la matriz extracelular. Se han descrito polimorfismos genéticos en la interleuqina -1, entre ellos, la presencia del alelo 2 en la IL-1b+3953, asociada a pacientes no fumadores, 60 con enfermedad periodontal crónica moderada o severa y 60 pacientes sanos. Se realizaron evaluaciones clínicas para el grupo control; el grupo caso fue seleccionado radiográficamente. Para determinar el genotipo, se extrajo el DNA de muestras salivares, se utilizó el método de reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR), digestión de enzimas de restricción (RFLP) y electroforésis. Se encontró el alelo 2 para la IL-1â+3953 (genotipo homocigótico ½ + genotipo heterocigótico 2/2), en el 32.5 por ciento y no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre casos y controles para la presencia del alelo 2 de la IL-1â+3953. (59 por ciento vs 41 por ciento). En este estudio no se encontró asociación entre el polimorfismo de la IL-1B+3953 y la presencia de enfermedad periodontal crónica severa. Se sugiere otros estudios donde se evalúen otros alelos para la interleuquina 1...


Subject(s)
Genotype , Interleukin-1 , Periodontal Diseases , Periodontics , Polymorphism, Genetic
10.
Rev. biol. trop ; 50(1): 21-29, Mar. 2002.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-333132

ABSTRACT

In Latin America. Cedrela odorata is a wide ranging species that occurs in several environments, where it shows significant morphological variation. A common garden experiment was established with seedlings from 63 families of ten populations from two habitat types (mesic and dry), distributed throughout Costa Rica, to examine the relationships between quantitative variation and site of population origin. Seedlings from dry areas tended to be distinct from those from mesic areas, with climatic grouping of provenance explaining a mean of 52 of the total variance and 80 of the genetic variance. Cluster analysis for seedling traits showed two natural groupings of families, which corresponded for the most part with the regional population groupings into mesic (Atlantic and South Pacific) and dry (North Pacific) groups. Cluster analysis based on seed weight and size also separated populations into mesic and dry climatic groups. Seeds from populations in dry areas were 43 heavier, and seedlings were 61 taller, 117 greater in diameter, and with leaflets 39 longer and 81 wider. These differences may be related to fast growth in the dry zone for taking advantage of early life cycle moisture availability. These findings may indicate incipient speciation in C. odorata in Costa Rica. Evaluation of reproductive isolating mechanisms between populations from the mesic and dry zones, and of clines at potential zones of hybridization would assist in testing a speciation hypothesis.


Subject(s)
Trees/anatomy & histology , Cedrela , Analysis of Variance , Climate , Cluster Analysis , Costa Rica
12.
Cir. & cir ; 65(5): 141-5, sept.-oct. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-217424

ABSTRACT

Se estudió el tiempo de estancia en un hospital general en Guadalajara, Jal. México, entre Enero y Junio de 1995. De una muestra aleatoria de 167 pacientes, 72 correspondieron a servicios quirúrgicos y 95 de medicina; el tiempo de estancia se asoció con la edad del paciente, el motivo de hospitalización, características de los médicos y se evaluó el expediente clínico y el proceso de atención. El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 52.6 años, sin diferencias por sexo. Los servicios de medicina atendieron el doble de pacientes sin hospitalización programada. La estancia global fue de 6.83 días (pormedio semejante para ambos servicios), pero el 40 por ciento de los pacientes estuvieron menos de 3 días hospitalizados. Hubo relación significativa (p<0.05) entre el tiempo de espera (secuencia establecidad para el diagnóstico o tratamiento) y el diagnóstico del paciente. No hubo diferencias por edad, aunque los pacientes mayores de 70 años tuvieron el mayor porcentaje de estancia prolongada. No hubo relación con la antigüedad laboral ni con los registros médicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Hospital-Patient Relations , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Medical Assistance , Time Factors
15.
Rev. méd. IMSS ; 32(6): 533-7, nov.-dic. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173976

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo propone un modelo práctico para atender los problemas de salud, con un abordaje epidemiológico cuya instrumentación operativa es la asistencia, la docencia y la investigación, utilizando la planeación estratégica en salud OPS/CENDES y la teoría administrativa de desarrollo organizacional, bajo un enfoque sistemático y un proceso de control a través de comisiones coordinadas por un consejo de evaluación de la calidad de la atención médica


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Health Services/organization & administration , Hospital Administration/standards , Quality of Health Care/trends , Health Care Levels
16.
São Paulo; Varela; 1994. 169 p. ilus, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, COVISA-Acervo | ID: lil-655051
18.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 46(1): 11-21, ene. 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-71999

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron prospectivamente 22 niños con lupus eritematoso generalizado. A todos se les determinaron inmunoglobulinas, C3 y C4, así como anticuerpos antinucleares por inmunofluorescencia indirecta, anti-DNAn, anti-RNP y anti-SSB (La). De los 22 pacientes, 16 fueron niñas y seis niños. El promedio de edad al inicio del padecimiento fue de 12.4 años (extremos de ocho a 15 años). Cuatro pacientes presentaron la enfermedad antes de cumplir los 10 años. Se observaron principalmente dos subgrupos clínicos, que incluyeron aquellos con daño renal, que fueron 11 pacientes (50%) y un segundo grupo de ocho pacientes (35%) con manifestaciones hematológicas, cuatro con anemia hemolítica y cuatro con púrpura trombocitopenica. Observamos que siete de los 11 pacientes con daño renal, tuvieron glomerulonefritis proliferativa difusa, uno lesión focal y otro glomerulonefritis mesangial. No se realizó biopsia en dos casos. En el grupo con alteraciones hematológicas, solo una paciente con anemia hemolitica presentó nefropatía al segimiento. Tres de los 22 pacientes desarrollaron procesos linfoproliferativos en coexistencia con el lupus eritematoso generalizado. Al estudiar las características serológicas y relacionarlas en ambos grupos de lupus eritematoso generalizado, mediante las pruebas de X2 y tabla de cintingencia triple, encontramos que los anticuerpos anti-DNA y disminución de C3, se asociaron significativamente con daño renal, pero no con las manifestaciones hematológicas, a pesar de que el 50% de los pacientes con estas últimas anormalidades presentaron anticuerpos anti-DNAn y C3 bajo. Queda por definir si diferencias inmunoquímicas entre los anticuerpoos anti-DNAn en estos grupo de pacientes con lupus eritematoso generalizado, pueden establecer una división en el comportamiento clínico con o sin nefropatía. Lupus eritematoso generalizado; nefropatía; manifestaciones hematológicas; anticuerpos anti-DNAn


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Hematologic Diseases/etiology , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Antibodies, Antinuclear/analysis
19.
Compend. invest. clin. latinoam ; 8(2): 15-22, nov.-dic. 1988. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-71648

ABSTRACT

En el presente estudio se incluyeron 32 pacientes del sexo femenino con diagnóstico de síndrome de tensión premenstrual de al menos 6 meses de evolución y los cuales se dividieron en dos grupos, uno de los cuales recibió bromocriptina y el otro placebo. La duración del estudio fue de 3 meses, evaluándose cada mes los síntomas principales del padecimiento, tales como: mastalgia, turgencia mamaria y distensión abdominal. Se valoraron también los efectos secundarios atribuidos al medicamento cuando éstos se presentaron. En las pacientes que recibieron bromocriptina, la mastalgia y la turgencia mamaria desapareciaeron en el 100% de los casos y la distensión abdominal en el 81.25% de ellos. En el grupo placebo no hubieron cambios relevantes, permaneciendo la sintomatología del síndrome de tensión premenstrual en mayor o menor intensidad en un gran porcentaje de las pacientes de este grupo. Los efectos secundarios que se presentaron en el grupo bromocriptina fueron náusea y cefalea leves, y de carácter transitorio. Se concluye que la bromocriptina es un medicamento seguro y eficaz para el tratamiento del síndrome de tensión premenstrual


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Bromocriptine/therapeutic use , Premenstrual Syndrome/drug therapy , Bromocriptine/adverse effects
20.
In. Tlaxcala. Secretaria de Salud; Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Fortalecimiento de los sistemas locales de salud: jurisdiccionales y municipales. s.l, Tlaxcala. Secretaria de Salud, 1988. p.75-79.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-60926
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