Association of high serum uric acid with risk factors of cardiovascular disease in the rheumatology clinic of a tertiary care hospital of Karachi

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans due to the loss of uricase activity. Elevated uric acid is one of the metabolic abnormalities associated with cardiovascular disease. There are some studies found that hyperuricemia has been linked with cardiovascular diseases. Hyperuricemia predispose to the development of hypertension and is also thought to result in increased oxidative stress and generation of free radicals, which eventually can be the nidus of future cardiovascular disease. To determine the association of high serum uric acid with risk factors of cardiovascular disease [obesity, hyperuricemia, diabetes or hypertension]. This Cross sectional comparative study was carried out in Tertiary Care Unit of Karachi, Pakistan from Feb, 2013 till September, 2013. A total of 120 subjects of both sexes were taken and divided into two groups. Fasting glucose levels, serum uric acid was done. Those with hyperuricemia were taken as cases and individuals with normal level were taken as controls. Lipid profile was performed in both groups by enzymatic kit. The data feeding and analysis was done on computer package SPSS [Statistical Packages of Social Sciences] version 16.0. The results were given in the mean and Standard Deviation [SD] i.e. age, weight, height, Body Mass Index [BMI], fasting blood sugar, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, Low Density Lipoprotein C [LDL-C], High Density Lipoprotein C [HDL-C], Very Low Density Lipoprotein C [VLDL-C] and serum uric acid. T-test was used for comparison between control and hyperuricemic patients group. In statistical analysis [p<0.01] was considered statistically significant. This study showed significantly raised levels of fasting blood glucose, serum cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hyperuricemic patients when compared to healthy control group [p<0.01]. The results of the present study suggest that high serum uric acid is associated with risk factors of cardiovascular disease thus hyperuricemia may results in cardiovascular disease

Papillary thyroid carcinoma; the frequency of multifocality in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy

At Mayo Hospital Lahore, from August 2010 to April 2011. Was to determine the frequency of multifocality among all cases presented with papillary thyroid carcinoma [PTC] planned to undergo total thyroidectomy [TT]. Data of all patients of PTC was collected from inpatient department of East Surgical ward. All the patients underwent total thyroidectomy by same team of consultant surgeons. A total of 35 patients of PTC with mean age of 37.94 years were included. Multifocal tumor was found in 31.4%. Out of them, 72.7% were females and 27.3% males. This case series showed that a multifocality is highly prevalent in PTC and total thyroidectomy should be done as the treatment for PTC, to eliminate the additional tumor foci in thyroid gland and prevent its recurrence

Status of HbA1c; Iron deficient diabetic and non diabetic patients

Glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] is a marker to identify the average plasma glucose level over past three months but it is also influenced by the iron deficiency status of an individual. Research is designed to assess the relationship between HbA1c concentration and iron status among diabetic and non diabetic subjects. Cross sectional comparative study. Tertiary Care Unit of Karachi, Pakistan. Period: Dec 2010 till June 2011. A total of 75 subjects of both sexes were taken and divided into three groups. Fasting and random glucose levels, serum iron and TIBC were performed by enzymatic method while HbA1c was estimated by fast iron resin separation method and Complete blood count [CBC] was done by Coulter. The data feeding and analysis was on computer package SPSS [Statistical Packages of Social Sciences] version 16.0. the results were given in the mean and Standard Deviation [SD] and correlation [r] for quantitative data i.e. age, FBS, RBS, HbA1c, Serum Iron, Hb HCT, and TIBC. Using Analysis of Variance [ANOVA] with tukey test for comparison [Controls, Iron deficiency anemia with and without diabetes mellitus]. In all statistical analysis only p < 0.01 will be considered significant. HbA1c is a non-specific marker of Diabetes mellitus in iron deficieny anemia patients. Thus it is reccomended that iron status of diabetic patients must be considered while interpreting results. This study showed significantly raised levels of Fasting blood glucose [FBS], random blood glucose [RBS] and HbA1c in diabetic anemic patients when compared to control and nondiabetic anemic subjects [p < 0.01] while total iron binding capacity [TIBC] and HbA1 c in nondiabetic anemic subjects were also significantly raised when compared to control [p < 0.01]. Hemoglobin [Hb], Hematocrit [HCT] and Serum Iron levels were significantly decreased in diabetic and nondiabetic anemic subjects when compared to control [p < 0.01]. Our study depicted that while diagnosing Diabetes meliitus in iron deficient patients one should be carefull as HbA1c is not a very reliable parameter to assess glycemic control in iron deficiency anemia patients