CD10 expression in ameloblastoma variants

Although benign ameloblastomas tend to behave aggressively with a high rate of recurrence. CD10 expression can help in predicting the behavior of these tumors. The aim of this study was to determine CD10 expression in variants of ameloblastomas. The data of thirty already diagnosed cases of ameloblastomas were taken. They were examined microscopically for selecting the sections with maximum epithelial content for immunohistochemical staining for CD10. A semi-quantitative scoring for determining the expression was used. In the present study, the follicular variant of ameloblastoma was the commonest [76.7%] followed by unicystic variant [13.3 %] and plexiform variant [10 %]. In the epithelial component CD10 expression was strongly positive in [76.2 %] and [80 %] showed moderate positivity. All the three cases of plexiform variant showed strong positivity. In unicystic variant [9.5%] were strongly positive and [20 %] were moderately positive. In the stromal component 50 % cases of follicular variant were strongly positive and 85.7 % were moderately positive. In the plexiform variant 25 % were strongly and 14.3 were moderately positive. In the unicystic variant strong CD10 positivity was seen in 25 % of cases. The present study concludes that all variants of ameloblastomas express CD10 positivity which may indicate their biological behavior

Estrogen receptor ? expression in salivary gland tumors

Immunohistochemical detection of Estrogen Receptors [ER] ? has demonstrated similarity between salivary glands and breast tumors. ER status is being routinely used for breast cancers in predicting response to therapy, suggesting their possible role in tumor management of SGTs. The aim of this study was to determine expression of estrogen receptor ? in salivary gland tumors in both genders and various age groups.The data of 57 already diagnosed cases of salivary gland tumors both benign and malignant were taken. They were examined microscopically for selecting the sections with maximum epithelial con-tent for Immunohistochemical staining for ER ?. Allred scoring system was used for assessing ER positivity.Among 57 cases of salivary gland tumors 34 [59.65%] were benign and 23 [40.35%] were malignant. The ER ? status was found positive in 31/57 [54.4%] of cases. Receptors positivity was present in 22 [65%] of benign and 9/23 [39%] of malignant tumors. The age range was 13-90 years. Maximum positivity for receptors [85.7%] was shown in the youngest age group [21-40 years] as compared to the oldest [above 60] which was 50.0%. Fourteen [56%] males and 17 [53.1%] females showed positivity for the ER expression.Present study concludes that salivary gland tumors, benign or malignant, may express estrogen receptor ? in any gender and age group irrespective of their histological and biological type

Evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding on endometrial biopsies

Objective: the aim of our study is to determine the frequency of various types of Abnormal uterine bleeding in our set up and to analyze their findings on endometrial biopsy

Design: it is an observational simple descriptive type of study

Methods: the endometrial biopsy reports of 128 patients admitted for abnormal uterine bleeding in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2010 were analyzed

Results: the most frequent clinical feature was polymenorrhagia [35%] gestational bleeding [27%], menorrhagia [18%], metrorrhagia [9%] and postmenopausal bleeding [6%]. The endometrium morphology was normal in polymenorrhagia [19%], menorrhagia [9%] and metrorrhagia [5%] cases. Endometrial pathology was detected in [66]% cases. The most common causes of AUB in our study on endometrial biopsy were related to gestation [23%] and spectrum of histological findings pointing at some hormonal disorder [21%]. The frequency of endometrial malignancy was remarkable i.e., 07%. Other significant pathologies included chronic endometritis 10%, polyps 10%

Conclusion: the most common presenting complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding was polymenorrhagia. In young women the underlying pathology of AUB gives a clue to some hormonal disorder or to some gestational pathology. In perimenopausal and postmenopausal women it strongly points at malignancy

Pulmonary tuberculosis; age related radiological findings

To study the age related radiological finding in pulmonary tuberculosis. Across sectional study. From January 2009 to December 2009 pulmonary department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawal Pur. The cases diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis of either gender above age of 12 years were included in the study. Patients suffering from extra pulmonary tuberculosis, treatment failure, relapse, drug resistant tuberculosis and HIV sero-positive patients were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into groups according to the age. Group 1 consist of patients having age >/= 50years while group 2 consist of patients having <50 years. Data was recorded on the Proforma and was analyzed statistically on SPSS 11. this study consists of 106 patients and divided into two groups. It has been found that apical zone of lung involvement was more common in patients younger than 50 years while involvement of lower zone was more common in patients with age >/= 50years. No significant difference was found regarding the involvement of middle zone, multiple zones and the type of lesions as the p-value was >0.05. The elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have predominant involvement of lower zones. So, lower zone involvement of radiological lesions should be evaluated for pulmonary tuberculosis to start the treatment earlier and to minimize the risk of missing the diagnosis