Granulosa cell tumour a clinico pathologic study

19 granulosa cell tumour [GCT] were reviewed and re-evaluated clinically and histologically. The age range between 18-53 years. Patients were divided into two age groups. They young age group [younger than 40 years] which Consisted of eight patients, and the old age group [older than 40] which consisted of eleven patients. The usual clinical presentation of those patients was generally vaginal bleeding in the older age group, or-post-menopausal bleeding, and/or abdominal mass. while the young age group presented with amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding and abdominal mass in order of frequency. Juvenile G C T. has distinctive clinical and pathological subtype and is associated with better prognosis. The operative and histologica findings are of great importance in the assessment of the outcome. Patients with juvenile G.C.T. carry better outcome even with the presence of cytological atypia and mitotic divisions. The operative finding of a tumour that invades the surface of the ovary with Local and omental metastasis needs more aggressive treatment. Since a large group of our patients are of the child bearing age, the critical decision of treatment for young women with stage la disease [whether conservative or to chose more radical treatment] is the responsibility of both the pathologist and the clinician

evaluation of solitary thyroid nodule

Iraq is an endemic area for goiter and for various thyroid diseases. The most serious problem facing the surgeon and the pathologist is the evaluation of patients with solitary thyroid mass. In this study, 270 out of 1849 patients with thyroid enlargement presented as solitary thyroid nodule [14.6%]. There were predominance of female patients [ratio = 9:1]. Histological study of solitary nodule revealed various pathology 80% were colloid goiter [adenomatous goiter], 11.6% adenoma, 7.4% carcinoma, and various other pathology constitute 1%. It is thus concluded that solitary thyroid nodule is serious clinical entity and the ultimate diagnosis and definitive evaluation is based on histological analysis

Nucleolar organizer regions [Ag NORS] in various cervical lesions

Twenty cervical lesions were stained by Ag NOR staining technique to areas the validity of this procedure as an adjuct for routine staining method. The method was found to be of great significance to distinguish various types of dysplasia [CIN I-III] from HPV, or squamous metaplais, and to differentiate HPV coexsisting with dysplasia. The method depends on counting the mean number of the granules Per 100 nuclei, the size and pattern of distribution of the AgNORs granules within the squamous epithelium was also recorded

Risk factors in bladder cancer of Iraqi patients

A total of 135 bladder cancer patients diagnosed during eight monthes at the Medical City Hospital, were studied to determine the pathological subtypes, and the possible risk factors. Squamous cell carcinoma formed 41%, transitional cell carcinoma 47%, and adenocarcinoma formed 9%. Bilharzial ova were detected in tissue section of 32% of the cases [43 patients]. The histological analysis of bladder cancer associated with bilhariasis showed significantly different pattern i.e. squamous cell carcinoma forms 72%, papillary transitional cell carcinoma 2.8% non papillary transitional cell 9.3%, and adenocarcinoma forms 16.3%.Regarding the geographical distribution of various histological types; the squamous cell carcinoma predominated in patients coming from the middle and south of the country [44% and 45% respectively], while being rare in the north [8.3%]. This distribution is similar to endemicity pattern of bilhariziasis in Iraqi. The occupational hazard detected was peasantry. Smoking was significantly more common in bladder cancer not associated with bilhariziasis, as well as in bladder patients with papillary transitional cell carcinoma. Past history of recurrent urinary tract infection was common in bladder cancer associated with schistosmiasis [69%], while those associated with past history of urolithiasis were observed in only 29%

Hepatic granuloma: a Clinicopathological study

A review of all patients diagnosed as hepatic granuloma in the Medical City over a six year period was undertaken in an attempt to determine the underlying etiology in Iraq. Bilhariziasis was the commonest cause but was only found in Egyptians working in Iraq. Tuberculosis on the other hand was the commonest cause among Iraqi patients. Conditions common in Western Countries such as Sarcoidosis and primary biliary cirrhosis were rare. Other miscellaneous conditions are reported and discussed

Lung cancer in Iraq

344 pulmonary and bronchogenic cancers seen and treated in the Medical City Hospital Baghdad were reviewed using the WHO classification. About 50% were squamous cell carcinomas, 25% small cell undifferentiated and 13% adenocarcinomas. The latter were more common in females and young individuals. The relative rarity of adenocarcinomas in Iraq is contrary to recent reports from other countries, where this histological type is said to be on the increase

asymptomatic mediastinal cyst

A review of 15 patients with mediastinal cysts seen over a five-year period is presented. Thirteen patients were asymptomatic, the lesion being originally diagnosed on a routine chest X-ray: the other 2 patients had no symptoms referable to the chest. Complete excision was accomplished in all cases. Operative morbidity was negligible, no patient died, and there has been no instance of local recurrence. Since most of the patients were asymptomatic, the importance of routine chest radiography is stressed

Primary mediastinal tumors Clinicopathological evaluation of 50 patients

This paper presents various surgical and pathological problems of primary mediastinal tumors in 50 patients seen and managed during a period of 5 years. Twenty were women. The ages ranged from 9 months to 60 years. Ten patients included in this study were asymptomatic, the presenting symptoms in the remaining patients were diverse depending primarily on the nature of the lesions, their location and size. The various diagnostic procedures used could only characterize the lesion, the exact diagnosis however was established at operation and confirmed histologically in all of the patients. There were 16 seperate varieties, and 62% of the lesions were found to be malignant. Our experience in diagnostic evaluation and operative management is described and discussed