Effect of prostaglandin E1 versus corticotomy on orthodontic tooth movement: An in vivo study.

Background and Aim: The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of corticotomy versus prostaglandin E1 injection in human subjects on rate of tooth movement, anchorage loss and their effect on crest bone height and root length. Settings and Design: Clinical interventional study. Split mouth design was used. Materials and Methods: Study was done on 32 regular orthodontic patients. A volume of 100 mcg of prostaglandin E1 was injected on the right side once in 2 weeks and on the left side corticotomy was performed, and canine retraction was started on both sides simultaneously. The rate of space closure and anchorage loss was assessed with casts. The root length and crestal bone height changes were assed with IOPAs. The comparison of rate of tooth movement, anchorage loss, crestal bone height and root length changes between the sides were statistically analyzed using paired t‑test. Results: The average rate of space closure on right side was 0.36 mm/week with a standard deviation of 0.05 mm/week and on the left side average rate of space closure was 0.40 mm/week with a standard deviation of 0.04 mm/week. The difference between the rate of closure between the right side and left where found to be statistically significant (P = 0.003). The anchorage loss, the crestal bone height changes and root length changes were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The rate of tooth movement was significantly more with corticotomies when compared with given dose of prostaglandin injection.

Comparison of the dental arch changes in patients with different malocclusions.

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the pre-treatment and post-treatment dental arch changes in both upper and lower arches in orthodontic patients treated with extraction of first premolar teeth. Subjects and Methods: Measurements were made on casts of 50 post treated cases in the age group of 12-30 years for individual tooth measurements, width of the arches (inter-incisal, inter-canine, inter-premolar and inter-molar) arch length (both right and left sides, anterior segment, posterior segment and total arch length for both for the maxillary and mandibular dental casts. Statistical Analysis Used: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for Normality, Regression Analysis was done as variables were tested and proved to follow normality. Statistical software  Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18 (SPSS Inc.; Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to compare the changes in the Class I and Class II div 1 groups. Results: There was a significant increase in the inter-incisor and inter-canine width post-treatment in the Class I and Class II div 1 subjects in the upper arch but no significant change in inter-incisor width in the lower arch in class I subjects. A significant decline in the inter-molar arch width in both the groups were seen. The inter-premolar arch width declined significantly in Class I cases while it increased significantly in Class II div 1 subjects. There was a significant increase in anterior arch length and a significant decrease in posterior arch length in all subjects. Conclusions: The findings of this original clinical research should significantly help the orthodontists in orthodontic treatment planning in patients requiring extractions of premolars.

Two Phase Orthodontic Treatment: A Case Report.

Myofunctional appliances become active through muscular forces that bring about the dentoalveolar and skeletal changes. Functional appliances can be both removable or fixed. Twin block appliance given by William Clark is one of the most popular functional appliance owing to its ease of fabrication for the orthodontist and its ease of wear for the patient. It is known to bring about both skeletal and dental changes and has been used extensively in Class II growing patients. This was a case report of a 12-year-old patient treated in two phases, first the functional phase using the twin block, followed by the second phase of fixed orthodontic appliance.

Changes in alveolar bone thickness due to retraction of anterior teeth during orthodontic treatment: A cephalometric and computed tomography comparative study.

Objective: Evaluate the changes in alveolar bone as a result of maxillary and mandibular incisor retraction in patients with bimaxillary protrusion by means of using lateral cephalograms and computed tomography (CT) scans and to investigate any occurrence of bony defects like dehiscence and fenestration. Subjects and Methods: Ten patients (age 15 ± 3 years) with bimaxillary protrusion treated by extraction of four first premolars were investigated by lateral cephalograms and CT scans during pre‑treatment (T1) and after 3 months of completion of incisor retraction (T2). The labial and lingual cortex of all the incisors were assessed on the CT scan with measurements taken at site adjacent to widest point of the labiolingual root in three slices separated by 3 mm at crest level (S1), mid root level (S2), and apical level (S3). Result: In the mandibular arch, after lingual movement of the incisors, the bone labial to the anterior teeth decreased in thickness at the coronal level of the left lateral and left central incisors. Left lateral incisor showed significant changes in all the three levels. In the maxilla the change in the labial bone thickness was not statistically significant. Lingual bone of all the incisors showed significant changes in S1 level and S3 levels. Few patients demonstrated bone dehiscence that was not visible macroscopically or cephalometrically. Conclusions: When incisors are retracted, the risk of adverse effect is present. This must be carefully monitored to avoid negative iatrogenic effects. This study needs follow up after 6 months or 1 year after completion of the orthodontic treatment to assess the long‑term consequences.

Treatment of division II malocclusion in young adult with Forsus™ fatigue-resistant device.

The traditional technique for correcting class II malocclusion - involving the use of class II elastics and headgear - has been problematic due to its dependence on patient compliance. Functional orthopedic treatment seeks to correct malocclusions and harmonize the shape of the dental arch and orofacial functions. Removable functional appliances are normally very large in size, have unstable fixation, cause discomfort, exert pressure on the mucosa, reduce space for the tongue, cause difficulties in deglutition and speech, and very often affect esthetic appearance. With a fixed appliance like the Forsus™ fatigue-resistant device (FRD), as the appliance is fixed, there is less dependence on patient compliance and the remaining growth after the pubertal growth spurt can be harbored effectively. The Forsus™ FRD is not as rigid as the previous fixed functional appliances and hence is comfortable for the patients. In this case report we describe a patient at the end of the growth stage who had mandibular retrognathia and was successfully treated with the Forsus™ FRD.

Exploring the role of FDG-PET in the assessment of bone marrow involvement in lymphoma patients as interpreted by qualitative and semiquantitative disease metabolic activity parameter.

Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is currently the standard method to evaluate marrow involvement in malignant lymphomas. However, there exist a number of pitfalls in this technique that can have important implications for initial staging, prognostification, and treatment of the disease. The present study was undertaken to investigate the utility of FDG-PET imaging in the detection of bone marrow involvement in untreated lymphoma patients. Forty untreated patients (36 males and 12 females) with either Hodgkin's disease (HD) (n = 17) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (n = 31) underwent whole body FDG-PET study for disease evaluation. Bone marrow uptake of FDG was graded as absence or presence of disease activity at marrow sites by qualitative assessment. Semiquantitative analysis involved deriving disease metabolic index (DMI) using the following formula: DMI = SUV max of suitable circular ROI over PSIS or trochanteric region/ SUVmax of similar ROI over adjoining background. Findings of BMB and FDG-PET were compared for final analysis. Eleven out of 17 HD patients (12 males and 5 females) demonstrated concordance between FDG PET findings and BMB reports. Remaining 6 cases showed discordance of FDG-PET demonstrating presence of marrow involvement at marrow sites and uninvolved marrow on BMB. Twenty six of the 31 NHL cases (24 males and 7 females) demonstrated concordance between FDG PET findings and BMB reports. Remaining 5 cases showed discordance of FDG-PET demonstrating presence of marrow involvement at marrow sites and uninvolved marrow on BMB. All the BMB positive patients (2 of HD and 5 of NHL) demonstrated disease activity in bone marrow on FDG-PET study. All patients with absence of disease activity at marrow sites on FDG-PET scan (9 of HD and 21 of NHL) had histology proven uninvolved marrow. The quantitative assessment by DMI showed a mean of >2.5 in HD and NHL patients at the PSIS region and the trochanteric region bilaterally in cases of bone marrow involvement by the disease. FDG-PET is a useful adjuvant to BMB for the evaluation of bone marrow involvement in lymphoma patients. The disease metabolic index of >2.5 at the marrow sites can serve as a semiquantitative parameter for such diagnosis on FDG-PET in untreated patients of lymphoma.

Genetic sensitivity to the bitter taste of 6-n propylthiouracil: a new risk determinant for dental caries in children.

The aims of the present study were to contrast the prevalence of dental caries in children with different genetic sensitivity levels to the bitter taste of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and to determine the taste quality and taste intensity preferences of food products among the taster and nontaster groups. Overall caries experience (dmfs/DMFS) was significantly higher for nontasters than tasters. Caries experience on the available surfaces (dfs/DFS) was found to be significantly higher in nontasters than in medium tasters and in medium tasters than in supertasters (r=-0.41, P < 0.001). Majority of the nontasters were sweet likers and preferred strong tasting food products, while majority of the supertasters were sweet dislikers and preferred weak tastes. There was a significant increase in the overall caries experience in the population, as the genetic ability to detect PROP taste decreased ( P < 0.001). After all associated factors (age, gender, race, number of teeth and OHI-S) were controlled; multiple linear regression analyses revealed that taste was the only variable significantly related to overall caries experience.

Lobster-claw syndrome.

Lobster-Claw syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant, hand-foot malformation with Oro-dental features. This is a rare condition and from the available reports so far, cases being reported are less than 1%. Most reports have focused on the hand-foot deformity of this syndrome. This paper highlights the typical Oro-dental features associated with this syndrome such as retained deciduous teeth, hypodontia and variation in crown size, arch length and arch width.

Band and loop space maintainer--made easy.

Space maintainers have been used in Pediatric Dentistry for many years. The use of these appliances, however, in terms of indications, contraindications, design and construction has gained little attention from researchers. This paper highlights the construction of a new technique of fabrication of band and loop space maintainer. The advantages of this new Direct technique or Single sitting technique over the conventional technique are discussed.

A review of odontogenic keratocyst with a report of unusual occurrence in the maxilla.

Odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) are keratinizing epithelium-lined cycts of the jaws with well-defined histologic criteria and possessing one clinical feature warranting their recognition and separation as a distinctive entity, due to their exceedingly high recurrence rate. This report describes a case of OKC which occurred in the anterior maxilla in a 12 year old female child, with its treatment. These lesions are normally seen in the mandible, and are rare in the maxilla.

A comparative evaluation of four adhesive tooth coloured restorative materials. An invitro study.

Four adhesive tooth colored restorative materials, Fuji II, Fuji II LC, Dyract and TPH composite resin were evaluated for the amount of microleakage in enamel and cementum. The TPH composite resin showed maximum microleakage, significantly higher than Fuji II, which showed least microleakage. All the four materials showed more micro leakage in cementum when compared to enamel.

Neck metastasis from an occult primary--the Kidwai experience.

This study highlights our treatment policy in 26 cases of epidermoid metastatic carcinoma in the neck from a primary deemed occult after exhaustive examination of the Upper Aero-digestive Tract (UADT). Planned Radical Neck Dissection (RND) and post-operative radiotherapy (RT) has been the favoured approach in all neck nodes deemed resectable and a loco-regional control rate of 64% was obtaining using this combined modality approach. Pre-operative RT was utilised in three cases with nodal disease of borderline resectability and loco-regional control was achieved in one case. Three cases of massive neck metastasis initially deemed unrectable became amenable to surgical salvage after Radical RT with concurrently administered chemotherapy. Only one of these remained disease free. Overall loco-regional control rate of 55 per cent could be achieved in 20 evaluable patients followed up for two years--three years (mean 30.5 months). Regional failures were noted in 25 per cent of patients while distant spread occurred in 15 per cent, thus accounting for an overall failure rate of 40 per cent. Manifest primaries were documented in 20 per cent, half of which could be salvaged and successfully controlled.