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1.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 21(2): 54-57, 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-757192

ABSTRACT

Innominate artery compression of the trachea, which is included within the vascular rings, although rare can cause serious respiratory disorders in childhood even putting at risk the child’s life. Most cases are asymptomatic but can also occur with cough, stridor, cyanosis and/or apneas. Diagnostic images play a fundamental role, specially computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging that provide detailed anatomical information. Bronchoscopy allows confirmation of the diagnosis and assesses the severity of the disorder; moreover, this procedure is also used as support in surgery (aortopexy). Conservative treatment is indicated in less severe cases. Two cases of pediatric patients are presented, one a newborn with severe symptoms and an asymptomatic lactating infant.


La compresión traqueal por arteria innominada, que se incluye dentro de los anillos vasculares, aunque es poco frecuente puede provocar trastornos respiratorios graves en la infancia poniendo incluso en riesgo la vida del niño. La mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos aunque también pueden presentarse con tos, estridor, cianosis y/o apneas. Las imágenes diagnósticas cumplen un rol fundamental, destacando la tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética que otorgan información anatómica detallada. La fibrobroncoscopía permite confirmar el diagnóstico y estimar la severidad de la alteración; por otra parte, este procedimiento también se utiliza como apoyo en la cirugía (aortopexia). El manejo conservador está indicado en los casos menos severos. Se presentan 2 casos de pacientes pediátricos, un recién nacido con síntomas severos y un lactante menor asintomático.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Tracheal Stenosis/etiology , Tracheal Stenosis , Brachiocephalic Trunk/abnormalities , Brachiocephalic Trunk , Syndrome
2.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 27(3): 191-195, set. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-608765

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Adenovirus infection is an important cause of pneumonia in Chilean children. Postinfectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans (PIBO) is the most important complication. There are few studies assessing pulmonary function and quality of life in PIBO patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the pulmonary function and the quality of life of patients with PIBO and the correlation between both variables. Methods: 14 children with PIBO in follow up at the pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic of a public children hospital were included in this study. Study period: April 2009 - April 2010. Pulmonary function was assessed in a medical visit by spirometry, flow/volume curve and intrathoracic gas volume measurement. The following indices were analyzed FVC, FEV1, FEV25-75, FEV1/FVC, RV, TLC, RV and RV/TLC. A survey of a self-administered Quality of Life (PedsQL, version 4.0, Spanish for Chile) was applied at the visit to investigate their global, physical and psychosocial quality of life. The Pearson linear correlation between quality of life and the pulmonary function test parameters was assessed, in the statistical analysis ap value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of our patients was 12.4 (range: 9-19 years-old). The functional alterations were characteristics of an obstructive respiratory disorder in 64.3 percent of the patients. Average pulmonary function test indices showed decreases in FEV1 (75 percent), FEV25-75 (48.8 percent), FEV1/FVC (67.6 percent) with normal value of FVC (93,7 percent) as well as pronounced increases in RV (333.5 percent), TLC (156 percent) and RV/TLC (51.8 percent). Mean change of FEV1 and FEV25-75post-bronchodilator was 11.3 percent and 26.4 percent respectively. Only 14.3 percent of our patients showed normal pulmonary function. The quality of life parameters were in average 58.2 percent of overall quality of life, 58.6 percent of physical quality of life and 57.9 percent of psychosocial ...


Introducción: La infección por adenovirus es una causa importante de neumonía en niños chilenos. La bronquiolitis obliterante (BOPI) es la complicación más importante. Existen pocos estudios donde evalúen la función pulmonar y la calidad de vida de los pacientes con BOPI. Objetivo: Evaluar la función pulmonar y la calidad de vida de los pacientes con BOPI y la correlación entre ambas variables. Métodos: Se incluyeron 14 niños con BOPI en el policlínico de la unidad de broncopulmonar de un hospital público de niños. Período de estudio: abril de 2009-abril de 2010. La función pulmonar se evaluó en una visita médica por espirometría, curva flujo / volumen y la determinación de volumen de gas intratorácico. Los índices analizados fueron los siguientes CVF, VEF1, FEV25-75, VEF1/CVF, VR,CPT, VR y VR / CPT. En la misma visita se realizó una encuesta auto-administrada de Calidad de Vida (PedsQL, versión 4.0, español de Chile) para investigar la calidad de vida global, física y psi-cosocial. Se aplicó la correlación lineal de Pearson entre calidad de vida y los parámetros de función pulmonar. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo unp <0,05. Resultados: La edad media de nuestros pacientes fue de 12,4 (rango: 9-19 años). La alteración funcional característica fue la obstructiva en el 64,3 por ciento de los pacientes. El promedio de los índices de pruebas de función pulmonar mostraron una disminución en VEF1 (75 por ciento), FEV25-75 (48,8 por ciento), VEF1/CVF (67,6 por ciento) con un valor normal de la CVF (93,7 por ciento), así como aumentos pronunciados en VR (333,5 por ciento), CPT (156 por ciento) y VR/CPT (51,8 por ciento). La media del cambio del VEF1 y FEV25-75post-broncodilatador fue 11,3 por ciento y 26,4 por ciento respectivamente. Sólo el 14,3 por ciento mostró una función pulmonar normal. Los parámetros de calidad de vida fueron en promedio 58,2 por ciento de calidad de vida general, 58,6 por ciento de calidad de vida física y el 57,9 por ciento...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Breath Tests , Bronchiolitis Obliterans/physiopathology , Bronchiolitis Obliterans/psychology , Quality of Life , Adenovirus Infections, Human , Bronchiolitis Obliterans/virology , Vital Capacity/physiology , Forced Expiratory Flow Rates/physiology , Spirometry , Surveys and Questionnaires , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Residual Volume/physiology
3.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-112673

ABSTRACT

One hundred and thirty two cockroaches of species Blattella germanica--96 from hospital ward (test group) and 36 from residential areas (control group) were caught during Nov. 1985 to Nov. 1986. A variety of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria were isolated from test and control group of insects. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Micrococci were isolated only from the test group of cockroaches. A high percentage (98.95 per cent) of test cockroaches were found to be carriers of various microorganisms as compared to the control group (80.55 per cent), the difference being statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Quantitative analysis in this study revealed that higher number of microorganisms are carried by test group of insects in the hospital environment. This, thereby suggests that these insects can play an important role in the etiology of hospital acquired infections.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bacterial Infections/transmission , Cockroaches/microbiology , Cross Infection/transmission , Insect Vectors/microbiology , Prospective Studies
4.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 1979 Apr; 22(2): 189-91
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-73955
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