Knowledge and attitude of patients towards hepatitis B and C

To assess the level of knowledge and attitude of patients towards Hepatitis B and C in a public sector hospital, especially with reference to educational level. Descriptive and cross sectional study, from April to August 2006. Surgical Unit-I, Nawabshah Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah. All patients admitted in Surgical Unit-I NMCH, during the study period. Data was collected on a preformed questionnaire. Results were compiled and compared with national and international literature. During the study period 500 admitted patients were asked questions regarding Hepatitis B and C. Amongst them 280 were males and 220 females. Only 10% males and 5.9% females were educated beyond primary level, and 20.4% males and 10% females to primary level, while 76% were illiterate. Patients educated beyond primary level had more knowledge than illiterate persons about the condition, especially regarding the cause, organ of involvement prevalence in society, presentation, and vaccination for Hepatitis B. One alarming thing found in this study was lack of knowledge about risk factors, especially amongst illiterate persons. There was also lack of responsibility and poor attitude of even educated persons towards the treatment of these diseases. Both literate and illiterate persons were following customs of community and relying on homeopathic or herbal medicines for their treatment. There is a significant lack of knowledge and poor attitude of people towards Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in this area

Indications and complications of indwelling ureteral stenting at NMCH, Nawabshah

To analyze the pattern of clinical indications and complications of Indwelling Ureteral Stens. A prospective study from November 2002 to November 2005. Department of Urology, Nawabshah Medical College Hospital [NMCH], Nawabshah. All patients who underwent J. J. Stenting were included in the study. These patients were evaluated by taking a detailed history, performing comprehensive clinical examination and doing various investigations like blood urea, serum creatinine, renal ultrasound, X-ray KUB, IVU, and preliminary cystoscopy. Majority of stents were placed endoscopically under local/spinal anaesthesia and were removed easily under topical anaesthesia cystoscopically. Of the total 120 cases, 95 [79.2%] had upper urinary tract obstruction and nine [7.5%] upper tract urinary leakage, while eight [6.7%] patients required stenting during upper urinary tract sugery and another eight [6.7%] after upper tract endoscopic manipulation. In majority of cases stents were successful in providing free drainage. No mortality was seen during the use of stents, but certain minor and major complications were encountered in 95 [79.2%] cases. This study show that the decision of ureteral stenting must not be taken lightly, as it is not free of complications. Certain precautions and guidelines must be observed whenever they are deployed. It is important to remember that the ureteral stent is a double edged weapon and can behave as a friend or an enemy

Safety of mineral water as an irrigating fluid during transurethral resection of prostate

To assess the safety, efficacy and results of drinking mineral water as an irrigating fluid in Trans-Urethral Resection of Prostate [TURP]. A prospective quasi-experimental study from December 1999 to December 2006. Dept. of Urology, Nawabshah Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah. A total of 400 patients who underwent TURP. Detailed data of the patients was collected. All underwent TURF using drinking mineral water as an irrigating fluid. Details of the operation and the outcome were noted in each case. Excellent electro-resection and haemostasis was observed in almost all cases. The optical clarity of the mineral water was also very good. The mean resection time was one hour and the mean irrigating fluid volume 28 liters. The mineral water is a hypotonic solution, containing very low content of minerals, but no significant complications were observed in terms of haemorrhage and only six cases of TUR syndrome were noted. The mean weight of the resected tissue was 45 gms, mean post-operative irrigation time 22 hours, and the mean hospital stay 4.3 days. Drinking mineral water, used as an irrigating fluid, is safe and inexpensive, and could be widely used in TURP; especially where glycine and other solutions are either non-available or pose financial strain

Gleason grading of carcinoma prostate at Nawabshah medical college / Hospital

To evaluate the Gleason Score and pathological grading of patients with Carcinoma of the Prostate amongst prostatectomy specimen. A retrospective study from January 1996 to December 2005. Nawabshah Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah. A total 4595 patients who underwent prostatectomy. Detailed data of the patients was retrieved from the case sheets, ward records and the Pathology Department by manual search, and analyzed. Amongst the total 595 cases, the age range was 50-90 years with a mean age 465.08 years. Out of the 595 prostatectomy specimen submitted during the study period, 46 [7.73%] had adenocarcinoma. According to the Gleason Score 18 [39.13%] cases had well differentiated [Score 2-4], 24 [52.17%] had moderately differentiated [Score 5-7] and four [8.69%] cases had poorly differentiated [Score8-10] adenocarcinoma. Gleason Score is a universally accepted prognostic indicator of Carcinoma Prostate. Pathologists must report consistently for the better management of the condition

Correlation of age with histopathological type of testicular tumors

The aim of the study was to find out the frequency and histopathologic type of various testicular tumors in correlation with age of the patients in our setup. It was a retrospective, descriptive study carried out at the Department of Pathology, Peoples Medical College, Nawabshah, Pakistan. All testicular tumors diagnosed from January 1991 to December 2005 were included in the study. The clinical data and surgical pathology reports with haematoxylin and eosin stained slides were obtained from the record. All the cases were reviewed and results tabulated. The patients were divided into six age groups and the tumors classified according to the pathological classification of testicular tumors. During this period 73 cases of testicular tumors were diagnosed in the department. All cases were diagnosed as germ cell tumors [100%]; consisting of 57 [78.1%] cases of single histologic type and 16 [21.9%] cases of mixed germ cell tumors. Most of the cases presented in the 3[rd] and 4[th] decades. Seminoma was found to be the commonest tumor in 27 [37%] cases, embryonal carcinoma in 29 [27.4%] cases, teratocarcinoma in 11 [15.1%] cases, yolk sac tumor and teratoma each in 5 [6.8%] cases, embryonal carcinoma with seminoma in 3 [4.1%] cases and teratoma with seminoma in 2 [2.8%] cases. In this study the ages of the patients and the frequency and histopathological findings in testicular tumors, with few exceptions are similar to other studies from different parts of the world, confirming the worldwide similarity of these parameters

Percutaneous use of stone punch in the management of vesical calculi in children: a new treatment modality

To evaluate the efficacy, safety and results of a newer technique, using Mauermayer stone punch for percutaneous bladder stone removal in children. It was a prospective study from November 2000 to November 2004, in the Department of Urology, Peoples Medical college hospital Nawabshah, Pakistan. One hundred and thirty children having vesical calculi of various sizes were included in this study. The procedure is based on principal of percutaneous removal of bladder stones, using ordinary trocar cannula under video-cystoscopic visualization and Stone punch to extract/fragment the stones. These children were evaluated by detailed history, clinical examination, ultrasonography, Radiography of urinary tract, urine routine examination, urine culture and blood urea. These patients, who were otherwise candidates for open cystolithotomy, were treated percutaneously using suprapubic approach. Satisfactory results were obtained in almost all cases having solitary and multiple stones. In selected cases urethral damage, operating time, hospital stay and cost can be decreased to minimum with this simple technique. This study shows that suprapubic percutaneous route can be employed as an alternative procedure to previously reported different percutaneous modalities where percutaneous nephrolithotomy instruments, laparoscopic instruments, percutaneous vacuum sheaths and other trocar and stone forceps have been utilized for removal of vesical calculi

unusual foreign body in the urinary bladder

Foreign body in urinary bladder being unusual in clinical setting presents as a diagnostic dilemma with vague history. Bladder calculi are uncommon in adults and usually result either from obstruction or foreign bodies. The present case report describes a young girl presenting with cysticism. Investigations revealed a bladder calculus encrusted on trans-urethrally inserted abortion stick in the urinary bladder that warranted surgery. Endoscopic manipulation was successful. Postoperative period was uneventful