ABSTRACT
In this prospective study we aimed at examining the effects of pneumatic tourniquet on intraocular pressure during elective knee surgery. Twenty patients undergoing elective knee surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation were inluded the study. Anesthesia was induced with pentothal, rocuronium and fentanyl, then maintained with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Intraocular pressure measurements were performed at 7 time points; awake [baseline], following induction, following tracheal intubation, just before tourniquet inflation, after the inflation of tourniquet, before tourniquet deflation, after the deflation of the tourniquet. Baseline IOP was 15 +/- 1 mmHg. Following the induction of anesthesia IOP was reduced significantly [12 +/- 1 mmHg] [p<0.05], then increased to 16 +/- 1 mmHg after tracheal intubation [p<0.05]. IOP was significantly higher after tourniquet inflation compared with just before [13 +/- 1 mmHg vs 16 +/- 1 mmHg recpectively] [p<0.05]. There was no significant difference between the IOP measurements after the inflation and before the deflation of the tourniquet [p>0.05]. The lowest value was 12 +/- 0 mmHg measured after the tourniquet loosened and it was significant compared with the baseline and the measurement performed before deflation of the tourniquet [16 +/- 0 mmHg] [p<0.05]. Pneumatic tourniquet may cause a significant IOP increase in patients performing knee surgery under general anesthesia
ABSTRACT
To investigate the role of stellate ganglion blockade [SGB] in cardio-protection against ischemia reperfusion injury. This prospective randomized, experimental study was carried out between August and October 2008 in the Department of Anesthesia, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey. Twenty-one rats were randomly divided into 3 groups; group 1 -SGB group [rats with percutaneous ganglion blockade], group 2 - preconditioned [P] group [rats that were subjected to ischemia and then reperfusion periods for 5 minutes], and group 3 - control group [rats that were injected with normal saline]. During the ligation period, the length of arrhythmia was significantly shorter in group 2 compared with group 3 [p<0.001]. The arrhythmia score in groups 1 and 2 was significantly lower compared with group 3 [p<0.001]. In the reperfusion period, the length of arrhythmia was not significantly different in all study groups [p>0.05]. But the arrhythmia score was significantly lower both in group 1 and group 3, compared with group 2 [p<0.02]. Both in the ischemic and reperfusion periods, the incidence of arrhythmia was lowest in group 1. The infarct size was measured significantly less in groups 1 and 2 compared with group 3 [p<0.001]. Pretreatment with the left SGB leads to lower arrhythmia scores and reduced infarct size in the Langendorff-perfused rat hearts compared with group 3, but not with group 2