ABSTRACT
We aimed for detection of bacterial DNA [bactDNA] in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [SBP] by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and its prognostic relevance in cirrhotic patients with culture-negative non-neutrocytic ascites [CNNNA]. approximately 60% of patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [SBP] are ascites culture negative. Of each 77 patients with cirrhosis and ascites, two samples including blood and ascitic fluid [AF] were taken. Blood samples were obtained for routine biochemical study and PMN count. AF samples were used for biochemical analysis and aerobic and anaerobic culture. BactDNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] using bacterial universal 16srRNA gene primer. Of all AF samples, 3 [3.9%] were positive for bacterial culture [one streptococcus a hemolytic and two E.coli]. The mean number of PMN in AF was 63. BactDNA was detected in 33 [42.9%] of 77 of samples [group A] and bactDNA was absent in 41 [53.2%] of samples [group B]. Blood WBC, prothrombin time, LDH, serum total protein, AF WBC, serum albumin, AF albumin, AF total protein, serum total bilirubin, AST, ALT and BUN were not statically different among group A and B. Hepatitis B, 41[45%], was the most frequent cause of cirrhosis. Hepatitis B is the common cause of cirrhosis in Iranian cirrhotic patients. Also, current study showed that high number of Iranian cirrhotic patients with CNNNA carries bactDNA in their AF. The clinical findings as well as clinical laboratory data in patients with CNNNA are independent to bactDNA status in their ascitic fluid
ABSTRACT
Schizophrenia is one of the most important psychiatric disorders and the majority of the mental hospital beds occupied by these patients. In this study, patients suffering from schizophrenia treated in educational-medical ward or just medical wards were compared in terms of diagnostic and treatment processes. This cross-sectional study was conducted on schizophrenic patients admitted to the Tehran Razi psychiatry hospital between 2011 and 2012. A total of 300 medical records were randomly selected from both educational-medical [n=150] and just medical ward [n=150]. The selected medical records were compared regarding to diagnosis, treatment, duration of hospitalization, use of electroconvulsive therapy, history of previous hospitalization and patients efficiency. First-generation antipsychotics were the most used drugs in medical ward [56.7%] and second-generations antipsychotics [54.7%] were more used in educational-medical ward [p<0.05]. The use of psychosocial treatments was considerably higher in educational-medical ward [34% vs. 13.3%]. Electroconvulsive therapy was used more than three times in medical ward compared to educational-medical ward [p<0.05]. Mean [+/- SD] duration of hospitalization was 39 +/- 35 days and 58 +/- 39 days in medical ward and educational-medical ward, respectively [P<0.05]. It seems that comparing to medical wards, educational-medical wards were more consistent with new guidelines in the world regarding to excellence of second-generations, use of psychosocial treatments, use of electroconvulsive therapy and hospital stay