Effect of punica granatum, citrus limon and their combinations on the plasma gonadotropins in female rabbits

Fruits produce revitalizing effects, hence the impact of Punica granatum, Citrus limon and their combinations have been investigated on the plasma levels of gonadotropin, testosterone and sexual development capacity in female rabbits. Ninety female rabbits were randomly assigned into nine groups, each comprising of ten animals. One group was given saline and designated as control. Three groups were given P. granatum 2mL /kg, 5mL/kg, 8mL/kg, other three groups received C. limon 0.2mL/kg, 0.4mL/kg, 0.6mL/kg respectively, remaining groups received C. limon and P. granatum in combination i.e. 0.4mL/kg C. limon + 5mL/kg P. granatum and 0.2mL/kg C. limon + 8mL/kg P. granatum. Juices were administered once daily by mouth from day 0 of pups delivered to postnatal day15. Blood samples were gathered from ear vein at day11 and day15. There was significant increase in follicle stimulating hormone by P. granatum at 5 and 8mL/kg on day 11 and 15, by C. limon at 0.4 and 0.6mL/kg on day11, 0.4mL/kg at day15, by combination doses of C. limon and P. granatum 0.4 +5mL/kg at day 11, 0.4+5 mL/kg and 0.2 + 8mL/kg at day15. There was also significant increase in luteinizing hormone by P. granatum at 2, 5 and 8mL/kg and by C. limon 0.4mL/kg at day11. There was highly significant increase on day 11 in LH at combination doses of C. limon and P. granatum 0.4 + 5mL/kg. There was significant increase in testosterone level by P. granatum at 2, 5 and 8mL/kg on day 11 and 5mL/kg on day15 and highly significant increase at 2 and 8mL/kg. C. limon caused significant increase in testosterone at 0.4 mL/kg on day11, 0.2 and 0.6mL/kg on day 15 and highly significant increase at 0.4mL/kg on day15. Whereas combinations doses of C. limon and P. granatum at 0.4+5mL/kg caused highly significant increase in testosterone level as compare to control. Results of present study revealed increase in plasma gonadotropin and testosterone levels showing increase in sexual capacity of female rabbits which could be mainly accounted for high vitamin C and flavonoids contents of these juices

Prophylactic and therapeutic effect of Punica granatum in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induced inflammation in rats

Pomegranate [Punica granatum L., Punicaceae] contains varieties of antioxidants and phytochemicals; there are evidences that phytochemicals and antioxidants play a vital role in reducing inflammation. Hence this investigation was planned to assess the outcome of Punica granatum on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid provoked colitis in rats at 2, 5 and 8ml/kg of the body weight. The effect of P. granatum was assessed in two group i.e. prophylaxis as pre-colitis and therapeutic as post-colitis. After completion of dosing in both the groups, macroscopic and histological examination of colon was carried out along with estimation of serum myeloperoxidase, glutathione, alkaline phosphate, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein. In prophylactic procedure P. granatum revealed significant [P

Anti-inflammatory effects of Citrus sinensis L., Citrus paradisi L. and their combinations

Citrus bioflavonoids embrace a wide group of phenolic compounds effecting the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species and the processes relating free radical-mediated injury. Keeping in view of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Citrus sinensis and Citrus paradisi, present study was undertaken to explore the effects of C. sinensis [orange juice] and C. paradisi [grapefruit juice] at three different doses alone and their two combinations with the objective to examine the effects of these compounds in an experimental model of rat colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid [TNBS]. Hence biochemical parameters e.g. myeloperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase, C-reactive protein [CRP] and glutathione were assessed. Data entry and analysis was accomplished by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17 and was presented as mean +/- S.E.M with 95 onfidence interval. Present result shows that these juices, mainly C. paradisi, may be efficacious for the management of inflammatory bowel disease. In acute colitis model, C. paradise encouraged a decrease in the extension of the lesion escorted by a decrease in the occurrence of diarrhea and reinstatement of the glutathione content. Related effects were produced by the administration of C. sinensis, which also prevented the myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase actions in acute intestinal inflammatory process. The effect of the citrus juices on the inflammatory process may be associated to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as revealed in present investigation. The favorable effects exerted were demonstrated both by histological and biochemical changes and were related with a progress in the colonic oxidative status

Adverse drug reactions due to cancer chemotherapy in females

In this study, occurrence of adverse drug reactions in female patients receiving chemotherapy were analyzed. Various drugs prescribed for cancer patients for compensation of these adverse reactions were also noted. Study was conducted on 83 female cancer patients selected randomly from a recent record of six months in KIRAN [Karachi Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine] hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Only those cases were selected in which patients received at least three cycles of cancer chemotherapy. The collected reports were analyzed for patients' data, drug details, causality, preventability and severity of adverse effects. Causality was assessed by the World Health Organization [WHO] causality assessment scale. Preventability and severity of ADRs were assessed by Naranjo's Algorithm and modified Hartwig's and Siegel scale. Out of n=83 females, n=55 [66.26%] females were married. Majority belonged to lower socioeconomic class [n=64, 77.10%]. In the 40-49 years age group 30.12% [n=25] adverse drug reactions [ADRs] were seen whereas 26.50% [n=22] ADRs in 50-59 years of age and 25.30% [n=21] ADRs in 30-39 years of age group were observed. The cases observed were of breast cancer [n=52, 62.65%], ovarian cancer [n=l4, 16.86%], Gl Cancer [n=8, 9.63%], and others that include head and neck cancer [n=3, 3.61%], lymphomas [n=3, 3.61%], sarcomas [n=2, 2.40%] and mass on chest wall [n=l, 1.20%]. In general, the common adverse effects observed were neutropenia/pancytopenia/anemia [n=64, 77.10%], alopecia [n=51, 61.44%], nausea and vomiting [n=39, 46.98%], fatigue/anorexia [n=26, 31.32%], mouth sores [n=21, 25.30%], fever and chills [n=20, 24.09%] and diarrhea [n=12, 14.45%]. According to the three scales employed for ADRs assessment i.e. [WHO] causality assessment scale, Naranjo's Algorithm and modified Hartwig's and Siegel scale for preventability and severity of ADRs, the results are in close agreement with each other with respect to occurrence and severity of the ADRs. A number of ADRs are observed in various cancer patients receiving chemotherapy indicating high need of ADR monitoring and reporting. The problem of under-reporting of ADRs is a big issue and must not be overlooked