Prevalence and spectrum of anemia among 3920 pediatric in-patients A cross sectional study.

Background: Anemia is one the common hematological laboratory abnormality in pediatric practice. To this reason we have studied the prevalence and spectrum of anemia among pediatric in-patients whom were admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and methods: The present cross sectional study was done in the Department of Pathology at tertiary care hospital for two years. All pediatric patients with anemia due to clinically suspected or proven cases of leukemia were included. Patients with other causes of anemia such as chronic infection and systemic disorders were excluded. The study was based on peripheral smear examination and bone marrow aspiration cytology reports. Clinical details of these patients were recorded. Anemia and leukemias were grouped and classified based on the morphological type of the FAB classification. Data was extracted from patient case records and laboratory reports. Data management was done using Microsoft excel spreadsheet and statistical analysis using SPSS-16. Actual numbers and percentages were used as descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 3920 patients were admitted in pediatric ward. Among them, 212/3920 (5.4%) were being the hematological diseases, 170/212 (80.2%) being anemic due to causes other than leukemia’s and 42/212 (19.8%) were anemia due to leukemia’s. Among the 170 cases, the anemia due to Iron, Folate and B12 deficiency was 163 cases (76.88%) of total cases and seven cases (3.31%) were hemolytic anemia’s. Among these 42 leukemia cases, acute lymphoblastic leukemia’s were 32 (76.2%) AML were 19.04% (8) and CML was 4.76% (2). Conclusion: The commonest type of anemia noticed was the microcytic hypochromic anemia due to nutritional deficiency, followed by macrocytic anemia. 20% anemias were due to leukemias. The Neeraja P, Reddy CB. Prevalence and spectrum of anemia among 3920 pediatric in-patients – A cross sectional study. IAIM, 2016; 3(4): 11-14. Page 12 commonest acute leukemia noted was ALL (L1 type). There is seasonal raise of anemia incidences was also noticed between June and September, of which cause is not known. Nutritional anemias can be preventable and treatable effectively through better mother and child health care policies.

Alterations in some dehydrogenase profiles of sciatectomized toad gastrocnemius muscle-metabolic modifications by malate.

Sciatectomized toad gastrocnemius has shown a progressive loss in lactate (LDH), succinate (SDH) and malate (MDH) dehydrogenase activities and elevation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity during post-neurectemic days. The possible role of malate in the restoration of metabolic homeostasis in denervated muscle is discussed.

Transamination and glutamate deamination in Rana hexadactyla during induced ammonia toxicity.

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and the transaminases namely aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) were estimated in the muscle, liver, kidney, and brain of control and ammonium acetate administered frogs. The results indicated tissue specific responses during induced ammonotoxemia. The inherent endogenous ammonia production decreased in all the tissues. 2-Keto glutarate production appears to be the other main adaptive feature as a result of slightly stepped up transdeamination patterns.

Induced transient hyperammonemia in Rana hexadactyla with reference to the ammonia and urea excretion.

Different ammonia toxicity induced by ammonium acetate administration in frogs lead to variable excretion of ammonia and urea into the medium. When 11.45 mM/kg body weight of ammonium acetate was administered, ammonia excretion increased while urea excretion decreased. When 4.17 mM/kg body weight of ammonium acetate is administered, the urea excretion increased while ammonia excretion decreased. The possible metabolic conversion of ammonia and urea by the animal at high and low ammonium acetate administration has been discussed.