ABSTRACT
Molecular markers that predict prognosis more than stage and grade remain the elusive holy grail of renal cell carcinoma [RCC researchers]. Many molecules have been identified, as a consequence of the elucidation of the molecular biology of RCC progression and metastasis, but few have remained significant above clinical and pathologic factors in multivariate analysis. The goal of the study was to evaluate Immunohistochemical expression of the cell-cycle regulatory proteins p27 [Kipl] and cyclin E in normal human kidneys and renal cell carcinoma [RCC] tissues. Association was analyzed with cancer clinical parameters. We have examined the protein contents of cyclin E and p27 in 57 cases of RCCs, using immunohistochemistry. We found significantly increased expression of p27 in normal tissue relative to tumor [p=0.015]. Low protein content of p27 was associated with high TNM stage, lymph node status and poor prognosis for patients with renal cell carcinoma. No significant association with grade, gender or age we further observed substantial differences in the pattern of G1/S regulatory defects between the different RCC subtypes. The majority of both conventional and papillary cases expressed p2'7, however, chromophobe tumours generally showed low p27 staining. Conversely, high expression of cyclin E was demonstrated in renal cell carcinoma tissue relative to normal kidney [p=0.027] and was associated with high nuclear grade and stage. No significant association with lymph node metastases, gender, age, tumor recurrence, death or survival. We further observed that papillary RCCs exhibited high cyclin E than other two subtypes. In conclusion, this study shown that cyclin E as well as p27 were deregulated in renal cell carcinoma and that loss of p27[Kipl] expression is a risk factor for the disease recurrence and cancer-related patient death
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cell Cycle Proteins , Immunohistochemistry , Cyclin E , Recurrence , PrognosisABSTRACT
Malignant tumors of the stomach are common, but the incidence of stomach cancer varies from country to another, probably as a result of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Stomach cancer often occurs in older people whose stomachs produce only small quantities of acid. Although infection with Helicobacter pylori has been proven beyond doubt in the aetiopathogenesis of various gastric disorders, not much is known about the role of H.pylori infection in onset and progression of chronic gastritis as well as gastric cancer. Although recent studies have indicated that the clinicopathological parameters in patients with gastric carcinoma, the prognosis of advanced cancer still remains unsatisfactory. This study aimed at investigating the expression of H pylori antibody and cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] in cases with chronic gastritis and gastric carcinomas and to correlate this expression with various clinicopathological parameters. Paraffin sections from previously diagnosed chronic gastritis [CG] and gastric carcinomas [GC] were classified, graded and staged according to the updated for CG and the World Health Organization [WHO], for GC. Two sections were immunohistochemically stained for antibodies against H.pylori and COX-2. One section was stained with Feulgen stain for assessment of ploidy and proliferative activity using the Image analyzer system CAS 200. Infection with H.pylori and cox-2 overex-pression are common in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric carcinoma. Both anti-H pylori and cox-2 proteins are implicated in gastric carcinogenesis and their over expression may be a good predicator for worse prognosis and poor patient's outcome