ABSTRACT
IntroductionThere are an estimated 246 million people with diabetes mellitus globally and this figure is predictedto rise to 380 million by 2025, with the most rapid growth in developing countries, among the workingage group of the population.Now in Mongolia, the more than half of population live in cities and settlements, following thisurbanization the population`s diet and lifestyle has been changed to more western style and morepeople affected by diabetes mellitus.Diabetic retinopathy is the most common chronic and devastating complication of diabetes whichleads to visual impairment and blindness. Diabetic retinopathy develops in nearly all persons withtype 1 diabetes and in more than 77% those with type 2 who survive over 20 years with disease. Thecurrent estimates of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy vary in different countries. The WHO hasestimated that diabetic retinopathy is responsible for 4.8% of 37 million cases of blindness throughoutthe world.Significant independent predictors of proliferative diabetic retinopathy determined by multivariableanalysis were fasting plasma glucose level, duration diabetes, plasma cholesterol, systolic bloodpressure and therapeutic regimen.In recent years a number of randomized clinical trials have shown that interventions to improvemetabolic control, careful monitoring and treatment reduce late diabetic complications.GoalTo establish the prevalence, severity and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy type 2 diabetic patientsin Ulaanbaatar.Materials and MethodsThe study conducted by cross sectional study. Randomly selected 235 patients type 2 diabetic patientsfrom Bayanzurh districts of city Ulaanbaatar. Participants provided a detailed medical and personalhistory, underwent an ocular examination including funduscopy. Fasting blood glucose-FBG, totalcholesterols, triglyceride, HDL were determined by methods of laboratory in venous plasma.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among people with type 2 diabetes was 37.4%. The prevalencenon-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 17% (40), pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 8.1%(19), and of proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 12.3 %( 29).The mean age of participants with diabetic retinopathy was 57.4 years (range 26-79). The meanage of participants with non-diabetic retinopathy was 53.6 years (range 26-76). The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy did not vary significantly with age. Retinopathy was positively associated with alonger reported duration of diabetes and with higher fractions of blood glucose (p<0.05).Progression of diabetic retinopathy positively associated with high level fasting blood glucose (6.2mmol/l), total cholesterol (4.5 mmol/l), systolic pressure (130 mm Hg) diastolic pressure (90 mm Hg),triglyceride (2.2 mmol.l) and low level HDL (1.1 mmol/l).ConclusionRisk factors for diabetic retinopathy were found to be high level of blood glucose, longer duration ofdiabetes. Diabetes poor control was significantly associated with progression of diabetic retinopathy.
ABSTRACT
Background An impotant step in maintaining smile to replace missing teeth. When teeth are missing, the remaining ones can change position, drifting the surruonding space. Teeth that are out of position can damage tissues in the mouth. A denture helps you properly chew food, a diffi cult task when you are missing teeth. In addition, a denture may improve speech and prevent sagging face by providing support for lips and cheeks. A partial denture is suitable for those who have some natural teeth remaining.While missing one and two adjacent teeth can often be best restored fi xed bridge or implant, partail denture work best to replace multiple missing teeth. Removable partial denture usually consist of replacement teeth attached to pink or gum- colored plastic bases, which are connected by framework. Removable patial dentures attach to your natural teeth with metal clasp or devices called precision attachment. Precision attachments are generally more estetic and cost more than those metal clasps. Denture with metal and wrought wire clasps are generally more fi t and stay in place much better than (provisional) denture. Objective The main purpose of this study is to develop of provisional denture. Materials and Methods This study has been used to study medicine. Enerel dental clinic served 1481 people whom they were made denture between 2003 and 2005. from those people were made denture with wrought clasp for 60 people. By experimental study, jawing activity test has been used by I.S.Rubinov method. Results Denture with wrought clasp needs was increasing gradually until 56 percents in 2003, 82.1 percents in 2004, 93 percents in 2005. A large number of denture with wrought clasp was made 32.4 percent of maxilla, 47.1 percent was mandible but this denture were used and suited for people 78 percent, 22 percent of people who made those type of denture did not and uncomfortable for them. Denture with wrought clasp jawing activity was 1.920.13 seconds and jawed things weight was1.89 0.1, lost of jawing activity was 2.691.44 (=0.001). Conclusion Method of denture with wrought clasp is simpler and nearly minted removable denture.