ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the protein intake and requirement among subject with type 2 diabetes having foot ulcers
Methods: This study was conducted at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology [BIDE], a tertiary care diabetes centre of Karachi, Pakistan among people with type 2 diabetic foot ulcer attending foot clinic from January 2012 to March 2015. The baseline characteristics, dietary intake and laboratory investigations of the study participants were obtained through electronic hospital database ''Health Management System'' [HMS] based on the 24 hours dietary recall interview. Total grams of protein were calculated from each food group consumed by the subject. Protein intake of the subjects was recorded in mean grams and the protein requirement was calculated according to their body weight. The comparison of intake and requirement of protein choices was done through comparing the mean of both variables. SPSS version 13 was used for analysing the results
Results: A total of 542 subjects were included in the study, 365 [67.2%] were males and 178 [32.8%] were females. Mena age of the subject was 54.61 +/- 10.51 [yrs] with the duration of diabetes and mean body mass index were 14.22 +/- 7.98 [yrs] and 26.65 +/- 5.38 [kg/m[2]], respectively. The dietary records showed the protein intake of subjects with diabetic foot ulcer is not appropriate when compared to daily requirement. Mean grams of protein intake is 76.87gms in males and 56.84gms in females. On the other-hand protein requirement is much higher than the intake, which is 219.5gms in males and 130.2gms in females
Conclusion: Dietary counselling should be a part of the treatment among subjects with diabetic foot ulcer to identify their nutritional needs and suggesting them better option to fulfil their protein requirement essential for wound healing process
ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis C virus is proving to be a global disease causing serious and debilitating effects on the general health of the public. It has been recognized that hepatitis C manifests itself through hepatic and a variety of extra hepatic diseases. The common two being; diabetes mellitus and thyroidal dysfunctions. A range of thyroid hormones disturbances are reported in association with hepatitis C infectivity, for example,Overt and Subclinical hyperthyroidism along with Overt and Subclinical hypothyroidism. To determine the relation between Hepatitis C Sero-Positivity and Thyroidal Dysfunction
Methods: We studied 274 Chronic Hep C sero positive, non cirrhotic cases [Jan 2010 -Jun 2014] in OPD of an urban tertiary care hospital [i.e Baqai Medical University Hospital Nazimabad].Out of this, 203[b/w 20 to 60years of age] cases were found to be evaluable [i.e undergone TSH/FT4 evaluation at baseline]. TSH, was taken according to age groups [i.e age 20y-54y [0.4-4.2] micro IU/ml and 55-87[0.5-8.9] micro IU/ml] and FT4 [all age group]0.8-2.7ng/dL
Results: Thyroid dysfunction was found in 17 patients [8.4% [n = 203]].The Thyroidal dysfunction among the study group include; 01 patient with Overt Thyrotoxicosis [5.88% [n = 17]], 05 with Clinically Hypothyroid [29.41% [n = 17]] status and 11 cases with Sub-Clinical Hypothyroidism [64.70% [n = 17]]
Conclusion: An association of thyroidal dysfunction and Chronic HCV infection is noted in the study population without known pre-existing thyroidal disease
ABSTRACT
Background: An HIV positive individual from nontraditional background presented with abdominal lymphadenopathy. The human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] is a lenti virus [a subgroup of retrovirus] that causes HIV infection and AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].AIDS is a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life threatening opportunistic infections and malignancies
Methods: We present a case of 40yrs male, who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea accompanied with weight loss. Laboratory data shows pancytopenia, raised lactate dehydrogenase, CT scan abdomen reports; multiple enlarged lymph nodes along celiac trunk, mesenteric vessels, para-caval, aorto-caval, peri-pancreatic regions respectively
Results: Findings were suggestive of lymphoma. His HIV antibody [on ELISA] was positive and he was advised to be followed it up by western blot technique
Conclusion: This case report suggest that even a person not belonging to a traditional high risk group can have HIV and its complications such as lymphoma
ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic hepatitis C and interferon both have their effect on thyroid gland function including clinical and subclinical thyroidal dysfunction [TD] that form major clinical manifestations of chronic hepatitis c
Objective: To assess Pegylated interferon based therapy related thyroidal dysfunction in chronic hepatitis C patients and to compare it with those who are hepatitis C Sero positive but have not receive interferon based treatment
Methods: A case control study in which, 203 patients of Chronic, compensated hepatitis C[130 females,73 males] were included from Baqai University Hospital Karachi Liver Clinic [b/w Jan 2010-Jun 2014]. The participants were checked for thyroid dysfunction at the onset, 17 patients were found to have thyroidal dysfunction in the beginning and were excluded from the total 203 cases, then out of the remaining 186 cases, 101 patients [who were not having TD initially] opted treatment with pegylated interferon/ribavarin [Treated Group] and the rest [85 cases] were taken as control group
Results: Thyroid dysfunction was identified in 7 patients giving a frequency of 6.9%. Out of these 7 patients only one patient was male while the rest were females. The mean age of the patients with thyroid dysfunction was 39.2 +/- 7.13 years. Amongst the patients identified with the thyroid dysfunctions, 2 [28.5%] had overt hypothyroidism and 5 [71.4%] had sub-clinical hypothyroidism. The treatment with combination therapy was significant for development of thyroid dysfunction in patients with hepatitis C [p=0.013] as compared to control group in which 85 patients of chronic hepatitis C who have not developed [TD] during the study period
Conclusion: dysfunction after pegylated interferon/ribavarin treatment in chronic hepatitis C is statistically significant with sub-clinical hypothyroidism is the predominant type in the study population