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1.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(1): 27-34, ene.-feb. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043355

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Two Whooley questions and the Arroll question, using the SCID, The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I) as the gold standard for detecting perinatal depression. Materials and methods: We interviewed 210 women during pregnancy and 6 months postpartum. Results: The criterion with the greatest sensitivity was responding positively to either Whooley question (pregnancy= 94.7 %; postpartum=100.0%), while the most specific criterion was responding positively to the two Whooley questions plus the Arroll question (Pregnancy=90.0% Postpartum = 85.7%). Conclusion: The Whooley and Arroll questions have adequate psychometric properties to detect possible cases of depression during the perinatal period. They can be applied during prenatal check-ups and postpartum consultations. Timely detection of women at risk of perinatal depression can contribute to their treatment for reducing their adverse consequences in mothers and infants.


Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la Escala de las dos preguntas de Whooley y la pregunta de Arroll para detectar riesgo de depresión perinatal, usando la SCID como estándar de oro. Material y métodos: Se entrevistó a 210 mujeres durante el embarazo y 6 meses después del parto. Resultados: El criterio con mayor sensibilidad fue responder positivamente a cualquiera de las Preguntas de Whooley (embarazo = 94.7%; posparto = 100.0%) y, el más específico, responder positivamente a las preguntas de Whooley más la de Arroll (embarazo = 90.0% , Posparto = 85.7%). Conclusiones: Las preguntas de Whooley y Arroll tienen propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para detectar posibles casos de depresión durante el periodo perinatal. Pueden aplicarse durante las citas de control prenatal y consultas en el postparto. Detectar de manera oportuna a mujeres en riesgo de depresión perinatal puede ayudar a su atención para reducir sus consecuencias adversas en madres e infantes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis , Depression/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Interview, Psychological , Psychometrics , Socioeconomic Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology
2.
Summa psicol. UST ; 15(1): 35-42, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094908

ABSTRACT

La resilencia ha estado relacionada a la salud mental durante el período perinatal. Sin embargo, hasta donde sabemos, no hay intrumentos para medir la resilencia que hayan sido validados en esta población. El propósito de este estudio fué examinar las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Resilencia en mujeres embarazadas mexicanas. Se evaluó una muestra de 280 mujeres usando el Inventario de Resilencia, el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente y un cuestionario de situaciones de estrés. El coeficiente de confiabilidad del Inventario de Resilencia fué de 0.88 para la escala completa. El análisis factorial exploratorio resultó en una estructura de resilencia de tres factores (capacidad personal, religiosidad y actitud positiva) para mujeres embarazadas. La validez consistente fué respaldada por correlaciones negativas con síntomas prenatales depresivos y situaciones de estrés. El Inventario de Resilencia podría ser potencialmente una medida fiable válida. Es necesario continuar explorando el rol de la resilencia en el período perinatal e identificar los factores que la determinan.


Resilience has been related to mental health during the perinatal period. However, to our knowledge, there are no instruments for measuring resilience that have been validated in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Resilience Inventory in Mexican pregnant women. A sample of 280 women was evaluated using the Resilience Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire and a stressful life events questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of the Resilience Inventory was 0.88 for the complete scale. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three-factor structure of resilience (personal competence, religiosity and positive attitude) for pregnant women. Concurrent validity was supported by negative correlations with prenatal depressive symptoms and stressful life events. The Resilience Inventory could potentially be a valid reliable measure. It is necessary to continue exploring the role of resilience in the perinatal period and identify the factors that shape it.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy/psychology , Depression, Postpartum , Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology , Adaptation, Psychological , Surveys and Questionnaires , Mexico
3.
Salud ment ; 40(5): 201-208, Sep.-Oct. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-903734

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Teenage pregnancy is a national health priority. Having to deal with pregnancy during adolescence can cause the mother, at an already vulnerable age, to doubt her maternal capacity to cope with a challenge of this magnitude. The teenage mother's assessment of her maternal self-efficacy is associated with her performance, in other words, the way she relates and responds to the needs of her infant, which has major implications for the latter's development. Objective To study the association between personal (depressive symptoms, self-esteem) and environmental characteristics (social support, partner satisfaction) and those of the infant (problems with infant care, the infants's temperament) and the perception of maternal self-efficacy (PME) in adolescent mothers. Method Cross-sectional study. The following instruments were applied: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Post-partum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R), and Maternal Efficacy Questionnaire to 120 mothers under 20 during the first six months postpartum. Bivariate lineal regression and hierarchical linear regression analyses were used for the data analysis. Results When adjusting for other variables, symptoms of depression and difficult infant temperament were associated with lower PME. Social support was only associated with increased PME in the bivariate analysis. Discussion and conclusion These findings contribute to the limited literature on the subject and provide elements for designing strategies to improve adolescent mothers' PME to encourage behaviors that are more relevant and sensitive to infants' physical and emotional needs.


Resumen Introducción El embarazo adolescente es una prioridad nacional para la salud. Enfrentar un embarazo durante la adolescencia puede hacer que la madre, a una edad de por sí vulnerable, dude de su capacidad materna ante un reto de esta magnitud. La valoración que hace de su eficacia materna se asocia con su desempeño, esto es, con la manera de relacionarse y responder a las necesidades de su infante, misma que tiene consecuencias determinantes en el desarrollo de éste. Objetivo Estudiar la asociación entre características personales (síntomas depresivos, autoestima), ambientales (apoyo social, satisfacción con la pareja) y del infante (problemas con el cuidado del infante, temperamento infantil) con la percepción de eficacia materna (PEM) en madres adolescentes. Método Estudio transversal. Se aplicaron: Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D), Inventario de Predictores de Depresión Posparto Revisado (PDPI-R) y Cuestionario de Eficacia Materna a 120 madres menores de 20 años durante el primer semestre posparto. Para los análisis de datos se usaron regresiones lineales bivariadas y análisis de regresión lineal jerárquica. Resultados Al ajustar por otras variables, los síntomas de depresión y el temperamento infantil difícil se asociaron con más baja PEM. El apoyo social se asoció con mayor PEM sólo en los análisis bivariados. Discusión y conclusión Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la escasa literatura sobre el tema y proveen elementos para el diseño de estrategias que mejoren la PEM en madres adolescentes para favorecer conductas más pertinentes y sensibles ante las necesidades físicas y emocionales de los infantes.

4.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 37(3): 203-210, July-Sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-759434

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the relationship between individual and co-occurring childhood sexual, physical, and verbal abuse, prenatal depressive (PDS) and anxiety symptoms (PAS), and history of suicidal behavior (HSB) among Mexican pregnant women at risk of depression.Methods:A sample of 357 women screened for PDS was interviewed using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA-Q), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the anxiety subscale of the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (SCL-90), and specific questions on verbal abuse and HSB.Results:Logistic regression analyses showed that women who had experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were 2.60 times more likely to develop PDS, 2.58 times more likely to develop PAS, and 3.71 times more likely to have HSB. Childhood physical abuse (CPA) increased the risk of PAS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.51) and HSB (OR = 2.62), while childhood verbal abuse (CVA) increased PDS (OR = 1.92). Experiencing multiple abuses increased the risk of PDS (OR = 3.01), PAS (OR = 3.73), and HSB (OR = 13.73).Conclusions:Childhood sexual, physical, and verbal abuse, especially when they co-occur, have an impact on PDS and PAS and lifetime HSB. These findings suggest that pregnant women at risk for depression should also be screened for trauma as a risk factor for perinatal psychopathology.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/etiology , Depressive Disorder/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Pregnant Women/psychology , Suicidal Ideation , Suicide, Attempted , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Mexico , Prenatal Diagnosis/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Risk , Stress Disorders, Traumatic/etiology , Stress Disorders, Traumatic/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Test Anxiety Scale
5.
Salud ment ; 37(4): 293-301, jul.-ago. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-729735

ABSTRACT

Background Depression is frequently experienced during the perinatal period. In Mexico, it has received very little attention from researchers and health service providers. It is well known that untreated depression is one of the leading causes of disability in women. Objective This study seeks to explore: 1. the recognition of perinatal depression among pregnant and postpartum women; 2. the acceptance of various modalities of treatment for depression, and 3. the perception of the barriers to receive treatment. Material and methods For this descriptive, exploratory study, 41 women in the third trimester of pregnancy and 30 women between the fourth and sixth postpartum weeks were interviewed. The study was conducted at a health center and a general hospital. The interview included demographic and obstetric data; depressive symptomatology (PHQ-2); open questions on the recognition of perinatal depression and scales relating to the acceptance of treatment modalities and barriers to access health services. Results Almost all the women had heard of the term postpartum depression, while one quarter did not know the causes of this disorder, which was attributed to an inability to face new challenges, emotional and hormonal changes, and lack of social support. The majority considered that it is not easy to speak about their unhappiness or discomfort, and that people would not understand if pre- or post-partum women felt sad or depressed in this period. Individual psychotherapy was the treatment with the highest level of acceptance, while medication, during pregnancy or breastfeeding, was the least accepted. The main barriers to treatment were: lack of time; institutional procedures; being unable to afford care and not having anyone to look after the children. Conclusions These results constitute a preliminary approach to the care needs for depression during the perinatal period. Women's awareness that help is required may not suffice to encourage them to seek assistance due to instrumental barriers and attitudes to treatment. In order to ensure effective care, it is necessary for the official norms regulating the health care for women and babies in this period to include treatment for mental disorders.


Antecedentes La depresión es un estado frecuente en el periodo perinatal. En México ha recibido muy poca atención por parte de investigadores y prestadores de servicios. Se sabe que la depresión no tratada es una de las causas más importantes de discapacidad en las mujeres. Objetivo Explorar: 1. el reconocimiento de la depresión perinatal en embarazadas y puérperas, 2. la aceptación de diferentes modalidades de atención para la depresión y 3. la percepción de las barreras para asistir a tratamiento. Material y métodos En este estudio descriptivo y exploratorio se entrevistó a 41 mujeres en el tercer trimestre del embarazo y a 30 entre la cuarta y sexta semanas del posparto. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un centro de salud y en un hospital general. La entrevista incluyó: datos demográficos y obstétricos; sintomatología depresiva (PHQ-2); preguntas abiertas sobre el reconocimiento de la depresión perinatal y escalas relativas a la aceptación de diversas modalidades de tratamiento y barreras para acudir a servicios de salud. Resultados Casi todas habían escuchado el término depresión posparto; una cuarta parte desconocía las causas de este trastorno, el cual fue atribuido a no saber enfrentar los nuevos retos, cambios emocionales, cambios hormonales y falta de apoyo social. La mayoría consideró que no es fácil hablar de tristeza o malestar en este periodo y que la gente tampoco lo entendería. La psicoterapia individual fue el tratamiento con mayor aceptación; los medicamentos, durante el embarazo o lactancia, los menos aceptados. Las principales barreras al tratamiento fueron: la falta de tiempo, los trámites institucionales, la imposibilidad de pagarlo y la carencia de cuidado para los hijos. Conclusiones Estos resultados constituyen una primera aproximación a los requisitos de atención de la depresión en el periodo perinatal. El reconocimiento de la necesidad de ayuda por parte de las mujeres puede no ser motivo suficiente para que acudan a buscarla debido a las barreras instrumentales y las actitudes hacia el tratamiento. Para poder brindar una atención efectiva es necesario que las normas oficiales, que regulan el cuidado de la salud de mujeres e infantes en este periodo, incluyan una atención a los trastornos mentales.

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