Susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to 1[st] line Anti Tuberculosis therapy

Objective: To determine the susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis [MTB] to 1[st]line Anti tuberculosis therapy

Study design: Cross sectional study

Study Setting: Department of Biochemistry, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad

Study Duration: July 2017 to March 2018

Methodology: This was a cross sectional study carried out at Department of Biochemistry, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad during July 2017 to March 2018. In this study the cases of both gender with age more than 15 years were included. The cases that have already taken ATT were excluded. Sputum samples were obtained and then processed at solid Lowenstein Jensen [LJ] media for at least 6 weeks, MTB isolated from these sample were then tested for their susceptibility to the 1st line ATT drugs. The MIC of the studied drugs per ml of LJ medium for susceptibility testing were 0.2 mcg for isoniazid, 02 mcg for streptomycin, 05 mcg for Ethambutol, 100 mcg for pyrazinamide and 01 mcg for rifampicin

Results: In this study there were total 115 cases; out of which 72 [62.60 percent] were males and the mean age of the participants was 35.19+/-10.67 years. Drug resistance was seen in 36 [32.17 percent] of cases and few of the cases had more than 1 drug involvement. The most common drug to which was resistance was seen was streptomycin affecting 19 [16.52 percent] of the cases. it was followed by Isoniazid where it was seen in 17 [14.78 percent] of the cases. Single drug resistance was seen in 30 [26.08 percent] of the cases. three and four drug resistance were seen in 2 [1.73 percent] of cases each

Conclusion: Drug resistance is seen in almost every 3[rd] case and the most common drug to show resistance is streptomycin

Cancer prostate; treatment response on the level of prostate specific antigen [PSA]

Prostate specific antigen was identified and characterized first time in 1977. There is no doubt that the PSA has significant role in prostate cancer diagnosis with help of Digital' Rectal Examination and biopsy. This study was designed to assess the level of PSA in prostate cancer patients before and after the treatment given to patients. To determine the specific and precise finding regarding the tumors stages, the cancer biomarkers are handy and helpful. For this purpose researchers monitor changes in the cell on chromosomal level by comparing primary tumor with secondary tumor. The prostate-specific gene kallikrein 3 [KLK3], encodes PSA located on chromosome 19q13.4. KLK2 and KLK4 genes are also present here which are present in a family of fifteen closely related serine proteases. Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Jan 2014 to Dec 2014. We use the PSA [Human] CLIA Kit which is a solid phase two site immunoassay. One antibody was coated on the surface of the microtiter wells and another antibody [used as a tracer] was labeled with horseradish peroxidase. The PSA molecules present in the standard solution or serum were [sandwiched] between the two antibodies. All prostate cancer patients had highly variable serum PSA values ranging from 12.90 ng/mL to 193.5 ng/mL The post treatment PSA analysis revealed that the increase level of PSA [15%] which showed that the PSA level increased after the treatment. Whereas in all other 17 patients the PSA level was found to decreased. Our study also shows that sometime PSA level is increased by non-cancer associated benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH], prostatitis, medications and environment and diet alterations. This study indicated that PSA serum level has a useful role in diagnosis of prostate cancer

Effect of captopril glycation inhibition in normal and diabetic plasma by captopril

To investigate the inhibitory effect of Captopril on level of glycation [in vivo]. [2] To study glycation inhibition in vivo. Study Case study. Period: Sep. 2006 to March. 2008. One year seven months. Department of Biochemistry University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Different parameters like fluorescence, total proteins, TBA [thiobarbituric acid] method, periodate borohydride assay were used to check the effect of inhibitor on glycation. Thirty two combinations were made and all these combinations were placed at 37°C, at same time for five weeks. 3mL of blood sample was drawn after 1st, 3rd and 5th week of incubation to perform the experiments for glycation and glycation inhibition. Along with the same temperature [37°C], different combinations of glucose and inhibitor were used. Effective concentration of inhibitor helped to decrease the level of glycation. All concentrations of glucose [G, G and G] showed 1 2 3 glycation with protein. The inhibitor Captopril [all concentrations] showed variations in inhibition of glycation at one temperature [37°C with different parameters [Fluorescence, TBA and Periodate] but the most effective concentration of inhibitors at each condition is I [1mM] but I [10 3 1 mM] and I [5 mM] were also equally effective after I. Periodate borohydride Assay is more effective for glycation determination than 2 3 thiobarbituric acid assay. Captopril can be used as glycation inhibitor in future. As it enhances the activity of transketolase, it can produce 3DG compound which can block the AGEs. However, more experimentations should be done on animal or on large scale before its application in diabetic patients