ABSTRACT
The present research was conducted to compare verbal and nonverbal intelligence among hafiz-e-Quran [the person who commits the entire Qur'an to memory] and non-hafiz female adolescents. The sample consisted of 200 females including hafiz-e-Quran females [N= 100], and non-hafiz females [N = 100]. The two groups were matched on age, education level, medium of education, and elementary subjects and socioeconomic status. The Haflz female sample was taken from madrasahs [religious institutions] of Islamabad and Karachi. The non hafiz female sample was recruited from Government colleges of the same cities. Two indigenously developed intelligence tests were used. Indigenous non-verbal test of intelligence [INTI] and Sajjad Verbal intelligence test in Urdu [SVITU] were used to assess non-verbal and verbal intelligence respectively. The INTI has five subtests including series, matrices, analogies, odd one out and similarities. SVITU include 4 subtests including words meaning, oral reasoning, numerical reasoning and information, t-test was used to analyse the data. Results indicated significant mean differences between hafiz and non-hafiz female adolescents on total score of INTI [non-verbal intelligence test] and its subscales including series, analogies, and odd one out, whereas non-significant differences were found on subscales of matrices and similarities. On verbal intelligence test, significant differences were found between hafiz and non-hqfiz females adolescents on subscales of words meaning, numerical reasoning and information, while oral reasoning subscale and total score of SVITU showed non-significant difference. It is concluded that Non-hafiz females studying in educational institutions performed better on numerical ability, information, series, analogies and odd one out and also showed significantly better performance on total score of lNTI. However, Hafiz females studying in madrasahs out performed only on vocabulary
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Intelligence Tests , IslamABSTRACT
Growing body of research has indicated Environmental Chaos [high noise levels, crowding, high density, high context traffic patterns, less physical and temporal structure] as an important factor in child development. Number of studies has shown a positive relationship between environmental chaos and adverse developmental outcomes in children. However little has been done to explore this relationship in non-western cultures. The present study was designed to bridge this gap and understand the impact of environmental chaos in Pakistani culture. For this purpose the CHAOS Scale [Matheny, Wachs, Ludwig, and Phillips, 1995] was translated into Urdu [the national language of Pakistan] to establish its psychometric properties. It was also intended to explore the relationship between the couple's scores on the Chaos Scale to observe their perception regarding home chaos including demographic variables: age, education, and occupational status of both husbands and wives. A sample of 152 couples with an age range of 20-60 years was taken from Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Satisfactory alpha reliability and significant item total correlations shows that CHOAS Scale-Urdu Version is a reliable measure of home chaos in Pakistani culture. Furthermore, results indicate no significant mean difference between husbands and wives CHAOS score. No significant mean differences are found between wives's education, occupational status and home chaos; whereas significant mean differences are found between husband's education and their score on CHAOS Scale-Urdu version