ABSTRACT
Objective: to study the effect of pre-treatment anxiety on interferon induced depression in hepatitis C patients undergoing interferon treatment
Methodology: interrupted time series design was used for this study to assess at pre, in 2 follow up visits [after 24th and 48th week] and after completion of the treatment. The depression and anxiety of two groups of women [showing high and low pre-treatment anxiety score on the IPAT anxiety scale [PTAS]] was measured by the Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale [SSDS] and the IPAT Anxiety Scale. Female patients [n=57] being diagnosed for Hepatitis C and prescribed for interferon therapy were selected from three main hospitals of Peshawar, through convenience sampling technique
Results: the age range of the sample was from 35 to 65 years [54.51+5.11 years]. Compared to 25% of the patients having low pre-treatment anxiety scores, 32% of the patients with higher pre-treatment anxiety score expe-rienced significant level of depression at week 24 and 48 during and after completion of the interferon treatment
Conclusion: pre-treatment anxiety has significant effect on the levels of depression, hepatitis C patients experience during and after completion of the treatment
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety, adverse effects and cost effectiveness of extra-amniotic Foley's catheter balloon alone [group-I], with the combined use of Foley's catheter balloon and extra-amniotic prostaglandin F2-alpha [group-Il] for termination of second trimester pregnancy. It was a experimental trial carried out in Obstetrics and Gynecology unit "A" of post-graduate medical institute, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, during September 2002 to September 2003. Hundred [100] patients having gestational age between 14-28 weeks and cervical score less than 4, were enrolled in the study, 50 patients for group-I and 50 patients for group-Il. Indications for termination were either intrauterine fetal death or congenital malformations incompatible with life. Foley's catheter 16fr was passed in both the groups intra-cervically. Group-Il patients in addition received extra amniotic PGF2 alpha, [0.25 mg/ml diluted solution], one ml at one hour interval, through the same catheter, till the expulsion of the balloon. The mean induction to products expulsion interval was significantly shorter in the combined use of Foley's catheter and extra amniotic PGF2 alpha [13.34 +/- 6.71 versus 33.74 +/- 8.941 hours]. The rate of successful uterine expulsion with in 24 hrs was also significantly higher in group-11 [92% versus 24%]. The frequency of diarrhea [04%], vomiting [06%,], and uterine pain [06%] in group -11 was not statistically significant [P > 0.05] but the frequency of temperature of 100 F was significantly higher in group-1 [78%] as compared to group-11 [18% Group-11 patients had shorter average hospital stay [1.53 +/- 0.57 days versus 2.766 +/- 0.567 ingroup-1 i.e. P < 0.1]. The combined use of Foley's catheter and extra amniotic PG F2 alpha is more rapid, safe, cost effective method for induction of therapeutic termination of second trimester pregnancy, resulting in greater number of successful uterine evacuation with in 24 hrs, than Foley's catheter balloon alone
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Dinoprost , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Pregnancy , Abortion, Missed , Abortion, InducedABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to explore the Type A behaviour and its impact on the anxiety level of professional women. The sample consisted 170 professional women belonging to two different professions, namely, teaching and medical. It was hypothesized that anxiety level of Type A professional women will be significantly high than Type B women. The sample of the professional women was classified into Type A and Type B personality on the basis of scores they obtained on the Anjum Khalique Type A Scale [Anjum and Khalique, 1991]. The Self Analysis Form [Anxiety Scale; Krug, Scheier, and Cattell, 1976] and Leventhal Scale for Anxiety of California Psychological Inventory [Leventhal, 1966/1968] were used to measure anxiety of the Type A and Type B women. Result showed that Type A women obtained significantly high mean score on both scales of anxiety as compared to Type B professional women. The results confirmed the research hypothesis