Prediction of stature from long bones versus hand and foot measurements: A comparative study of the Kolhapur population

BACKGROUND Estimation of stature is usually done by measurement of the long bones. Although hand and foot dimensions are useful in predicting stature, they are population-specific. METHODS We compared the accuracy of predicting stature by hand and foot dimensions, with long bone (tibia and ulna) lengths, and developed a stature predictive regression formula from the parameters used for the sample population in Kolhapur. We recorded hand and foot measurements and long bone measurements of 1000 consenting participants 18–50 years of age using a stadiometer for height and an anthropometric rod compass for other measurements. Correlation between the variables and stature was determined using Pearson’s correlation analysis (p<0.05). A multiple linear regression formula was derived for the prediction of stature. RESULTS A positive correlation was observed between mean stature and foot length (r=0.67, p<0.05), tibia (r=0.66, p<0.05), ulna (r= 0.75, p<0.05) and hand length (r=0.69 left, r=0.72 right, p<0.05). There was no correlation between foot breadth and stature. Multiple linear regression analysis of hand and foot dimensions returned R2=62.96 and standard error of estimate 4.689 with comparable computed and experimental measurements. CONCLUSION The dimensions of the hand and foot can be used to predict stature. The formula derived from the multiple regression analysis incorporating hand and foot dimensions is a good fit to estimate stature in the study population.

The Anterolateral Ligament Of The Knee: Emerging Interest For Reconstructive Surgery

Background: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) originates from the lateral epicondyle of the femur and inserts onthe tibia in between Gerdy’s tubercle (GT) and fibula head (FH). The ALL exists as a ligamentous structure thatbecomes taut if tibia is rotated 30° medially. It has been suggested that the ALL of the knee has importance inlimiting rotational instability, and reconstruction of the same along with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) mayprevent a continued pivot-shift following surgery. We describe our experience of cadaveric dissection withreference to other published.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, D.Y.Patil Medical College, Kolhapurfrom 2016 to 2018. The ALL was identified in 14 Females and 16 Males cadavers, total 60 knee joints. The ALLtissue was identified with internal rotation of the tibia. Measurements were made using a digital calliper anddetails of the origin and insertion were recorded.Results: The ALL was identified had mean dimensions were: length 38.06 ±3 mm on Right side and 37.94 ± 3 mmon Left side, width 4.38 ± 0.25 mm on Right side and 4.37 ± 0.25 mm on Left side, thickness 0.9 ± 0.02 mm on Rightside and 0.9 ± 0.02 mm on Left side. The femoral origin Posterior and Proximal (PP) in 23, Anterior and Distal (AD)in 29 and Femoral Lateral Epicondyle in 8 knee joint. The tibial insertion was a mean 1.79 ± 0.3 mm on Right sideand 1.82 ± 0.3 mm on Left side from Gerdy’s tubercle (GT) and 1.28 ± 0.03mm on Right side and 1.25 ± 0.03 mm onLeft side from the fibula head (FH).Conclusions: Our results go along the studies describing that the ALL is a capsular thickening and has meniscalattachment. The findings will help surgeon to perform reconstructive surgery and also help them to select theappropriate graft. Further, we feel this ligament should be added in all gross anatomy book so that medicalundergraduates are also aware of ALL.

Bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle with trifid insertion, a rare variation.

Normally the palmaris longus muscle originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus from common flexor origin. In the middle of the forearm, the muscle belly forms a tendon which is inserted into the flexor retinaculum and the palmar aponeurosis. In our study after dissection of both forearms of a 45-year-old male cadaver we found a reversed palmaris longus muscle. This means that the palmaris longus muscle was tendinous in its proximal part and muscular in its distal part. The fleshy belly of muscle was passing over flexor retinaculum, was ensheathed by separate fascia. The muscle belly was spreading on both the sides of each palm for insertion which was trifid, that is centrally into palmar aponeurosis, laterally continuous with the fascia covering the thenar muscles and medially with Abductor digit minimi. It was having tendinous interconnection with the muscle mass of both the sides. Bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle mentioned in the literature, was a surgical finding in a patient who suffered from edema and pain in the wrist. The overuse of the reversed palmaris longus muscle can lead to the muscle’s local hypertrophy. As per the literature a reversed palmaris longus muscle may cause a compartment syndrome with pain and edema in the wrist area, the carpal tunnel syndrome and Guyon’s syndrome. The variation is also useful to the hand surgeon, as the palmaris longus muscle is an anatomical landmark for operations in this area.