scRNA-seq reveals that origin recognition complex subunit 6 regulates mouse spermatogonial cell proliferation and apoptosis via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The regulation of spermatogonial proliferation and apoptosis is of great significance for maintaining spermatogenesis. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of the testis was performed to identify genes upregulated in spermatogonia. Using scRNA-seq analysis, we identified the spermatogonia upregulated gene origin recognition complex subunit 6 (Orc6), which is involved in DNA replication and cell cycle regulation; its protein expression in the human and mouse testis was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. To explore the potential function of Orc6 in spermatogonia, the C18-4 cell line was transfected with control or Orc6 siRNA. Subsequently, 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays, flow cytometry, and western blot were used to evaluate its effects on proliferation and apoptosis. It was revealed that ORC6 could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of C18-4 cells. Bulk RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis indicated that Orc6 was involved in the activation of wingless/integrated (Wnt)/ β-catenin signaling. Western blot revealed that the expression of β-catenin protein and its phosphorylation (Ser675) were significantly decreased when silencing the expression of ORC6. Our findings indicated that Orc6 was upregulated in spermatogonia, whereby it regulated proliferation and apoptosis by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Identification of Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase inhibitors from Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc

Abstract Gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) can reactivate xenobiotics that exert enterohepatic circulation- triggered gastrointestinal tract toxicity. GUS inhibitors can alleviate drug-induced enteropathy and improve treatment outcomes. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. and its major constituents against Escherichia coli GUS (EcGUS), and characterized the inhibitory mechanism of each of the components. Trans-resveratrol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (HZ-1) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (HZ-2) isolated from P. cuspidatum were identified as the key components and potent inhibitors. These two components displayed strong to moderate inhibitory effects on EcGUS, with Ki values of 9.95 and 1.95 μM, respectively. Results from molecular docking indicated that HZ-1 and HZ-2 could interact with the key residues Asp163, Ser360, Ile 363, Glu413, Glu504, and Lys 568 of EcGUS via hydrogen bonding. Our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of P. cuspidatum and its two components on EcGUS, which supported the further evaluation and development of P. cuspidatum and its two active components as novel candidates for alleviating drug-induced damage in the mammalian gut.

Research updates on determinants of parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for juvenile / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Vaccination is the most effective prevenative measure against infectious diseases. As guardians of minor children, parental attitudes have a decisive influence on children s vaccination. Therefore, it is very important to understand parental attitudes and preference towards the vaccination of minor children in COVID-19 for the successful implementation of vaccination. In this study, the current situation and associated factors of parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for children. It was found that parental vaccine hesitation was mainly influenced by factors related to parents, children, vaccination and information process. Parents should be guided to obtain information through authoritative channels and treat vaccination correctly. At the same time, medical staff should play an important role in health education, submit correct immunisation information, reduce vaccine hesitancy, and promote herd immunity.

Endobronchial ultrasound elastography in diagnosis of mediastinal lymph nodes / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of endobronchial ultrasound elastography in diagnosis of mediastinal lymph nodes by measuring the parameters of endobronchial ultrasound elastography. Methods Between 2016 and 2017, 46 patients with 63 lesions underwent EBUS-TBNA examination were included. Conventional ultrasound and ultrasound elastography were performed respectively to examine 63 lymph nodes before aspiration. Then various features of conventional ultrasound and parameters of ultrasound elastography were analyzed and recorded. Then evaluate the value of ultrasound elastography by pathological results and three-month follow-up data. Result The diagnostic value of ultrasound elastography image type, elasticity score, strain ratio and blue area ratio for malignant lymph nodes were higher than that of conventional ultrasound features in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity (P < 0.05); The accuracy of the boundary was the highest in the diagnosis of malignant lymph nodes. In the ultrasound elastography parameters, the accuracy of the elasticity score was the highest, and the blue area ratio had the largest area under the curve. When the boundary was used as the joint index to judge malignant lymph nodes with elasticity score and area ratio respectively, significantly higher than the diagnostic accuracy of conventional ultrasound and ultrasound elastography alone (P < 0.05). Conclusion The value of ultrasound elastography parameter in mediastinal lymph nodes diagnosis is higher than the conventional ultrasound features and a combination of both applications can improve discrimination accuracy of benign and malignant lymph nodes.

Clinical characteristics and survival analysis of de novo grade 3 or transformed follicular lymphoma patients / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with de novo grade 3 or transformed follicular lymphoma (FL). Methods: Fifty-two patients treated at Peking University Cancer Hospital between January 2009 and September 2017 were assessed, including 28 patients with FL 3A grade, 13 patients with FL 3B grade, 11 patients with transformed FL. Baseline characteristics, survival and prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: ① Twenty-six male and 26 female patients were enrolled, including 28 patients with FL 3A grade, 13 patients with FL 3B grade, 11 patients with transformed FL. ②The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort were 56.0% and 80.6%, respectively. Patients with international prognostic index (IPI) score 0-1 demonstrated significantly better 3-year PFS (80.3% vs 20.1%; t=18.902, P<0.001) and OS (95.7% vs 57.0%; t=10.406, P<0.001) than patients with IPI score 2-3. Three-year PFS (94.1% vs 37.2% vs 25.2%; P=0.002) and OS (100.0% vs 76.0% vs 59.8%; P=0.020) were also significantly different among patients with FLIPI 1 score 0-1, 2, ≥3. FLIPI 2 score was also identified as a prognostic factor for 3-year PFS (68.4%, 0, 0; P=0.001) and OS(87.5%, 76.2%, 0; P=0.003). ③Multivariate analysis indicated a significant association of PFS (HR=3.536, P=0.015) and OS (HR=15.713, P=0.015) with IPI. FLIPI 2 was associated with OS (score 0-1, HR=0.078, P=0.007; score 2, HR=0.080, P=0.022). Conclusion: De novo grade 3 or transformed FL might be a group of curable disease with current treatment strategies. IPI is still a prognostic tool in this scenario.

Prognostic significance of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT). Methods: Forty-eight patients with DLBCL treated at Peking University Cancer Hospital between November 2010 and December 2014 were assessed. All patients underwent PET/CT scanning prior to or after auto-HSCT. Correlation analysis was done based upon patients characteristics, PET/CT scan results and survival. Results: ①Among 48 patients, 27 was male, 21 female, median age was 43 (17-59) years old. ② Patients with negative pre-auto-HSCT PET/CT assessment demonstrated significantly better 3-year progression free survival (PFS) (87.1% vs 53.3%, χ(2)=7.02, P=0.019) and overall survival (OS) (90.3% vs 60.0%, χ(2)=6.51,P=0.022) than patients with positive pre-auto-HSCT PET/CT assessment. Three-year PFS (94.1% vs 30.0%, χ(2)=22.75, P=0.001) and OS (97.1% vs 40.0%, χ(2)=21.09, P=0.002) were also significantly different between patients with negative and positive post-auto-HSCT PET/CT assessment. ③ Multivariate analysis indicated a significant association of PFS (HR=13.176, P=0.005) and OS (HR=20.221, P=0.007) with post-auto-HSCT PET/CT assessment. Number of prior treatment regimens was associated with PFS (HR=10.039, P=0.040). ④ Harrell's C index revealed that the value of combined use of number of prior treatment regimens and post-auto-HSCT PET/CT assessment was superior to either one used alone in PFS (Harrell's C values were 0.976, 0.869 and 0.927 in combined use, number of prior treatment regimens and post-auto-HSCT PET/CT assessment, respectively), and the combined use of ECOG performance status and post-auto-HSCT PET/CT assessment significantly increased the Harrell's C index in OS (Harrell's C values were 0.973, 0.711 and 0.919 in combined use, ECOG performance status and post-auto-HSCT PET/CT assessment, respectively). Conclusions: Post-auto-HSCT PET/CT assessment is the main predictor of outcomes in DLBCL patients receiving auto-HSCT. Combined use of post-auto-HSCT PET/CT assessment and number of prior treatment regimens and ECOG performance status is a better prognostic tool in patients with DLBCL undergoing transplantation.

Lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome: An analysis of clinical features and survival of 27 cases from a single center in China / 肿瘤

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (LAHS). Methods: Clinical data of 27 patients with LAHS diagnosed at Peking University Cancer Hospital between May 2007 and August 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of the 27 patients, there were 18 males and 9 females, with a median age of 32 years (range: 14 to 77). At diagnosis of lymphoma, 17 patients (63.0%) were stage HI/IV, 8 (29.6%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) score 5≥2, 12 (46.2%) had International Prognostic Index (IPI) score 5≥3. The most common subtype was extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) (74.1%, 20/27). Three patients presented with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) at lymphoma diagnosis, while the other 24 patients developed HPS during lymphoma progression after failure of chemotherapy. The clinical features of HPS were persistent fever (100.0%), splenomegaly (88.9%), hepatomegaly (37.0%), lymph node enlargement (63.0%), cytopenia (100.0%), ferritin increased (92.6%), hypertriglyceridemia (55.6%), hypofibrinogenemia (55.6%), and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow (70.4%). After a median follow-up of 11.0 months (range: 0.3 to 66.0 months), 24 (88.9%) patients died, and 3 survived. The median overall survival (OS) after the diagnosis of lymphoma was 11 months, and the median OS after the diagnosis of HPS was 28 days. One patient receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remained alive with complete remission for 53 months. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of LAHS were complex, and the prognosis and survival time remain dismal. More effective therapeutic strategies should be develpoed, and allo-HSCT may provide survival benefts to LAHS.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis of patients with LMP-1 positive Hodgkin's lymphoma after EBV infection / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) and CD68 in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients with EB virus infection and to analyze the relation of LMP-1 expression and CD68(+) tumor-associated macrophage count with clinical features and prognosis of HL patients. The expression of LMP1 and count of CD68(+) TAM were detected by immunohistochemical staining in tissue specimens of 72 HL patients; their correlation with clinical features and prognosis of HL patients was analyzed by using statistical method. The results showed that among tissue specimens of 72 HL patients, the positive rate of LMP-1 expression was 18.1% (13/72), the CD68(+) TAM count was more higher in LMP-1 positive expression [250 of CD68(+) TAM/high power field (hpf) is used as demarcation point] (P = 0.003). The statistical analysis showed that the LMP-1 positive expression was more observed in mixed type HL patients (P = 0.000); the positive rate of LMP-1 expression was much high in HL patients with albumin <40 g/L and age ≥ 45 years (P < 0.05). There was no relation of LMP-1 expression and CD68(+) TAM count with the short term therapeutic efficacy of HL patients, but the overall survival time of LMP-1 positive patients among patients followed-up for ≥ 5 years was short (P < 0.05). Moveover, no correlation of CD68(+) TAM count with the overall survival time of HL patients was found. It is concluded that the high count of CD68(+) TAM is more observed in LMP-1 positive expression of HL tissue, the LMP-1 expression states relates both with the pathological types, age and albumin level of patient with HL. The HL patients with LMP-1 positive expression have poor prognosis, suggesting that LMP-1 may be a new prognostic marker for HL patients.

In vitro anti-tumor effect of human dendritic cells vaccine induced by astragalus polysacharin: an experimental study / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the in vitro anti-tumor effect and mechanism of dendritic cell (DC) tumor vaccine induced by astragalus polysacharin (APS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from human peripheral blood. DCs obtained from human peripheral blood were cultivated and added with culture solution for in vitro inducing them to immature DCs. On the 5th day of culture, 100 microg/mL (as the final concentration) APS was added to cells in the APS group. DCs were induced to mature in the cytokine groups by adding 20 ng/mL rhTNF-alpha (as the final concentration). Changes of morphology and phenotype of DCs were observed. Mature DCs were sensitized with tumor antigen SGC-7901 and co-cultured with allogeneic T cells. The proliferative function of T lymphocytes was detected by MTT assay. Levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma in co-cultured supernatant were detected by ELISA. Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) activated by DC were co-cultured with tumor cell SGC-7901. The specific killing capacity of CTL to target cells was detected by LDH release assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morphological observation and phenotypic identification of APS induced DCs were in accordance with the characteristics of mature DCs. APS induced mature DCs could stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T lymphocytes. The proliferation index of T cells increased with increased ratio of stimulator cells to effector cells (P < 0.05). Levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma in co-culture supernatant significantly increased in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). CTL cells activated by sensitization of DCs could significantly kill tumor cells, and the killing effect increased along with increased effector-to-target ratio.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>APS could in vitro induce DCs to mature, promote its antigen-presenting capacity, effectively activate CTLs, and enhance anti-tumor function of the organism.</p>

The efficacy and safety of the DICE regimen in combination with rh-endostatin (Endostar) in the treatment of recurrent or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A prospective clinical trial / 肿瘤

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the DICE regimen in combination with recombinant human endostatin (Endostar) in patients with recurrent or refractory DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma). Methods: DICE regimen were given intravenously for 4 consecutive days, consisting of dexamethasone 10 mg/d, ifosfamide 1 g·m-2·d -1, cisplatin 25 mg·m-2·d-1, and etoposide 60 mg·m-2·d-1. Endostar were given at 7.5 mg/m2 (i.v.) on days 1-14. Cycles were repeated every 3 or 4 weeks. Results: Between January 2009 and September 2011, 15 patients with recurrent or refractory DLBCL were enrolled: 11(73.3%) with primary refractory lymphoma and 4 (26.7%) with recurrent lymphoma. Two patients (13.3%) achieved a complete remission and 2 (13.3%) achieved a partial remission. The overall response rate was 26.7%. The clinical factors of gender (P = 0.011), International Prognostic Index (P = 0.033) and serum lactate dehydrogenase level (P = 0.011) had significant effects on overall response rate. The TTF (median time to treatment failure) and the OS (overall survival) time were 2 and 10 months, respectively. The one-year OS rate and the TTF rate were 46.7% and 26.7%, respectively. Myelosuppression was the major toxicity. WHO grade III/IV leukopenia and granulocytopenia were developed in 11 patients (78.6%). Conclusion: DICE regimen in combination with Endostar was well tolerated and its efficacy was mild in patients with recurrent or refractory DLBCL, probably due to these extremely poor prognostic patients. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Prognostic value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT after first-line treatment in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in detecting residual disease and predicting relapse following first-line treatment in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 39 patients with DLBCL, who underwent PET/CT scan after first-line treatment, were analyzed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PET/CT findings were interpreted as negative, mild metabolism and positive. Seventeen patients' PET/CT findings were judged as negative, none of them relapsed with a median follow-up of 24.1 months, 13 were judged as mild metabolism, 2 of them relapsed with a median follow-up of 17.1 months. Of the rest 9 findings were judged as positive with a median follow-up of 16.3 months, 4 patients were considered as disease progression according to clinical manifestations and other radiographic results, 2 patients relapsed at the time points of 13.5 and 6.8 months after PET/CT scan respectively, the other 3 patients were diagnosed as negative by biopsy, none of them relapsed at the time points of 5.9, 9.6 and 20.0 months after PET/CT scan respectively. One-year progression-free-survival (PFS) for negative, mild metabolism and positive groups was 100%, 83% and 56%, respectively. Two-year PFS was 100%, 83% and 42%, respectively. Overall survival (OS) at 1 year for negative, mild metabolism and positive groups was 100%, 100% and 89%, respectively. Two-year OS was 100%, 100% and 63%, respectively (P = 0.004).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DLBCL patients with negative and mild metabolism PET/CT following first-line treatment had good prognosis, who needed no additional therapy. While patients with positive PET/CT had poor prognosis, those patients should receive biopsy before adjusting treatment regimen because of the high false-positive rate.</p>

Modeling and simulation activities to design sampling scheme for population pharmacokinetic study on amlodipine / 药学学报

Reasonable sampling scheme is the important basis for establishing reliable population pharmacokinetic model. It is an effective method for estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters with sparse data to perform population pharmacokinetic analysis using the nonlinear mixed-effects models. We designed the sampling scheme for amlodipine based on D-optimal sampling strategy and Bayesian estimation method. First, optimized sample scenarios were designed using WinPOPT software according to the aim, dosage regimen and visit schedule of the clinical study protocol, and the amlodipine population model reported by Rohatagi et al. Second, we created a NONMEM-formatted dataset (n = 400) for each sample scenario via Monte Carlo simulation. Third, the estimation of amlodipine pharmacokinetic parameters (clearance (CL/F), volume (V/F) and Ka) was based on the simulation results. All modeling and simulation exercises were conducted with NONMEM version 7.2. Finally, the accuracy and precision of the estimated parameters were evaluated using the mean prediction error (MPE) and the mean absolute error (MAPE), respectively. Among the 6 schemes, schemes 6 and 3 have good accuracy and precision. MPE is 0.1% for scheme 6 and -0.6% for scheme 3, respectively. MAPE is 0.7% for both schemes. There is no significant difference in MPE and MAPE of volume among them. Therefore, we select scheme 3 as the final sample scenario because it has good accuracy and precision and less sample points. This research aims to provide scientific and effective sampling scheme for population pharmacokinetic (PK) study of amlodipine in patients with renal impairment and hypertension, provide a scientific method for an optimum design in clinical population PK/PD (pharmacodynamics) research.

The clinical features, therapeutic responses, and prognosis of the patients with mantle cell lymphoma / 癌症

Mantle cell lymphoma(MCL), a special type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is incurable through conventional treatment. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features, therapeutic responses, and prognosis of patients with MCL. Clinical data of 30 patients with MCL treated in our hospital between April 2006 and July 2011 were analyzed. Eighteen patients were treated with CHOP plus rituximab (R-CHOP) regimen, 12 underwent conventional chemotherapy. The median age of the 30 patients was 58 years, 23 were men, all patients had Cyclin D1 overexpression, 29 (96.7%) had advanced disease, 11 (36.7%) had bone marrow involvement, 9 (30.0%) had gastrointestinal involvement, and 15 (50.0%) had splenomegaly. The complete response(CR) rate and overall response rate(ORR) were significantly higher in patients undergoing R-CHOP immunochemotherapy than in those undergoing conventional chemotherapy (38.9% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.187; 72.2% vs. 41.4%, P = 0.098). The difference of 2-year overall survival rate between the two groups was not significant (P = 0.807) due to the short follow-up time. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was higher in R-CHOP group than in conventional chemotherapy group (53% vs. 25%, P = 0.083), and was higher in patients with a lower mantle cell lymphoma international prognostic index (MIPI) (51% for MIPI 0-3, 33% for MIPI 4-5, and 0% for MIPI 6-11, P = 0.059). Most patients with MCL were elderly; in an advanced stage; showed a male predominance; and usually had bone marrow involvement, gastrointestinal involvement, or splenomegaly. R-CHOP regimen could improve the CR rate and ORR of MCL patients. MIPI can be a new prognostic index for predicting the prognosis of advanced MCL.

Plasma levels of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in patients with newly diagnosed lymphomas / 中国实验血液学杂志

The objective of this study was to detect the expression levels of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in plasma of newly diagnosed lymphoma patients, and analyze their possible relationships with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. The expression levels of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in plasma from 86 newly diagnosed lymphoma patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As a results, the multivariate analysis showed that VEGF-C level in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients was low, but high in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients; VEGFR-2 level was higher in patients > 60 years, while VEGF-D level was lower in patients with IPI > 2. The univariate analysis showed that VEGF-D level was lower in patients with IPI > 2, while VEGF-D and VEGF-C levels were higher in patients without B symptoms. Relationship analysis between these factors indicated that the relation of VEGF-D expression level with VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 was positive. It is concluded that VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 play important roles in the pathogenesis of lymphoma, and may be used as indicators of prognosis evaluation or even guide for the antiangiogenesis treatment of lymphoma.

An analysis of hepatitis B virus infection rate in 405 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum HBV markers in NHL patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The infection rate of HBV in NHL patients was compared with that in nationwide general population.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in 405 cases of NHL were 11.6%, 39.8% and 47.9%, respectively, which were statistically different from those in general population (P < 0.01). The positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in B-cell NHL and T-cell NHL were 13.3% vs 7.1% (P = 0.083), 40.6% vs 37.5% (P = 0.567), 53.2% vs 33.9% (P = 0. 001), respectively. The HBV DNA positive rate was 23.7% in 93 cases of NHL, and was 50.0% in 38 cases of HBsAg-positive NHL while 5.5% in 55 cases of HBsAg-negative but HBcAb-positive NHL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The infection rate of HBV in NHL patients is higher than that in general population, in which occult hepatitis B virus infection can not be ignored. The positive rate of anti-HBc in B-cell NHL is significantly higher than that in T-cell NHL. For NHL patients infected with HBV, prophylactic anti-HBV therapy to prevent viral reactivation should be given before the anti-cancer treatment. Further study in the relationship between HBV and NHL should be carried out in the future.</p>

Cultural Conditions for Production of Glutathione by Mutant Saccharomyces J-X25 / 中国生物工程杂志

The production conditions of glutathione with shaking flask fermentation by the mutant Saccharomyces J-X25, a methionine-defected strain were studied, and the optimum culture conditions are as follows: initial pH6. 0, temperature 30℃, 100ml in 500ml flask, the inoculum size 10% and agitation rate 220r/min. The emphasis was on the stimulating effect on the cells by dioxogen and the sodium lactate as surfactant. Both of which were added at the logarithmic phase of fermentation, and the GSH production was up to 0. 253g/L , 52% higher than the control without the additions. Compared with the production of GSH initial strain that by the mutant in optimum conditions was increased by 79%.

Health safety of main water pipe materials supplied in China market / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the health safety of copper, steel and plastic water pipes by field water quality investigations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four consumers were randomly selected for each type of water pipes. Two consumers of every type of the water pipes had used the water pipes for more than 1 year and the other 2 consumers had used the water pipes for less than 3 months. The terminal volume of tap water in copper and steel water pipes should be not less than 0.1 liter, whereas that in plastic water pipes should be not less than 1 liter.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean values of the experimental results in the second field water quality investigation of the copper and steel water pipes met the Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water Quality. The items of water sample of the plastic water pipes met the requirements of the Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water Quality.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Copper, steel, and plastic pipes can be used as drinking water pipes.</p>

Study on serum erythropoietin levels in patients with hematologic malignancies / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study whether hematologic malignancy patients with anemia have a lower erythropoietin (EPO) response.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum EPO levels were detected by ELISA in patients with hematologic malignancies and with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Eighty patients with hematologic malignancies, including 13 multiple myeloma (MM), 7 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 60 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were studied. Thirty of them had anemia(21 NHL,6 MM and 3 CLL). Twenty patients with IDA were studied as the control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hematologic malignancy patients with anemia had higher EPO levels [(97.8 +/- 183.9) IU/L] than those with normal Hb values [(27.8 +/- 85.4) IU/L; P <0.01]. In patients with IDA, serum EPO response was inversely correlated with Hb level (r= -0.5, P <0.05) , but no such inverse correlation was found in the hematologic malignancy patients with anemia (r = -0.14). After corrected for Hb level, the serum EPO levels were significantly lower in anemic patients with hematologic malignancies than in IDA patients (P = 0.032) , indicating a decreased EPO response in the former group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anemia associated with hematologic malignancy might result from an inappropriately low EPO response. EPO treatment for these patients may be beneficial.</p>

Review of Advances in Imaging Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis / 中国普外基础与临床杂志

Objective To review the study of noninvasive imaging methods for evaluating liver fibrosis.Meth- ods The current literatures on the use of the ultrasonography,CT and MRI for the evaluation of liver fibrosis were reviewed.The principles,applications and advancement of each imaging methods were described and summarized re- spectively.The features of the newly developed imaging techniques were also discussed.Results In addition to the morphologic information,the imaging examinations can also provide functional information about the circulation sta- tus,diffusion and metabolism features of liver.The potential diagnostic value of MR elastography for liver fibrosis has been addressed.Conclusion The imaging examinations,especially the functional MRI techniques,are reliable noninvasive alternatives for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis,with bright potentiality for clinical application.

The experimental study on the idiotypic nucleic Acid vaccine constructed from the genomic DNA to lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was to investigate the anti-lymphocytic malignancy immunologic effects induced by two types of the idiotypic nucleic acid vaccines which were constructed from the genomic DNA and RNA of the human B lymphoma cell line respectively. Namalwa cell line and BALB/c mice were used as the models. The gene fragments of the IgH variable region (IgHV), which were obtained from the genomic DNA and RNA of Namalwa cell respectively, were cloned into the eukaryocytic expression vector pcDNA 3.0 to be used as the idiotypic nucleic acid vaccines. After transfecting COS cells with one of vaccines constructed from the genomic DNA by using LipofectAMINE, the result of transcription was identified by using RT-PCR. The experimental mice were immunized by intramuscular injection with two types of vaccines. The specific anti-idiotypic antibody was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The results showed that the nucleic acid vaccine constructed from the genomic DNA can be transcribed in COS cells, the transcription product turned shorter, and the intron region of 86 bp was spliced accurately. When immunizing the mice, two vaccines both induced the anti-idiotypic antibody against Namalwa cell, the anti-idiotypic antibody could be detected since detected since after immunization, and got to the peak of titer on the sixth week. It was concluded that the nucleic acid vaccines against lymphoma can be constructed from both the genomic DNA and RNA.