The nasal development after one-staged correction of nose deformity and unilateral complete cleft lip in infancy / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce one-staged correction of nasal deformity and unilateral complete cleft lip in infancy and to observe the nasal development after the operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The unilateral complete cleft lip and nasal deformity were corrected in one stage in27 cases. They were followed up for several years. With post-operative photos, the anthropometric method was used to analyze the nasal development.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The long-term results were excellent in 10 cases, good in 14 cases, and poor in 3 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Based on the anatomic findings of nasal blood supply, one-staged correction of nasal deformity and unilateral complete cleft lip in infancy can be performed with no obvious interference with nasal development. The secondary nasal deformity before school age can be alleviated or avoided.</p>

Nasendoscopic comparison for cleft palate repair after velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find out the nasendoscopic changes of velopharyngeal configuration and movement after palatoplasty with or without velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The nasendoscopy was taken in forty-one patients with palatoplasty, 22 repaired by velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction and 19 with modified von Langenbeck's procedure (non-reconstructive group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In patients with velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction, the velopharyngeal ports are smooth and full with a definite reduction in size than patients without velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction. During phonation, the complete and marginal velopharyngeal competence rate in reconstructive group (90.91%) is higher than the group of non-reconstruction (37.31%) The major velopharyngeal closure is circular movement in reconstructive group, otherwise coronal closure in nonconstructive group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Based the observation of nasendoscopy, the velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction in palatoplasty has more definite improvement to velopharyngeal closure than non-reconstructive procedure. Palatoplasty with velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction could reduce the size of velopharyngeal port and make the complete velopharyngeal closure easier.</p>

A comparison of the velopharyngeal closure after palatoplasty between with or without velopharyngeal muscular reconstruction / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of palatoplasty with or without velopharyngeal muscular reconstruction on the velopharyngeal closure under the lateral radiography.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The lateral radiographs and cephalometric analysis were taken in sixty-two patients with cleft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency, 32 repaired with velopharyngeal muscular reconstruction and 30 with modified von Langenbeck's procedure (non-reconstructive group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In patients with velopharyngeal muscular reconstruction, the velopharyngeal competence, the reductive rate of nasopharynx, the distance reduction in lower part of the mobile nasopharynx during phonation and the distance in middle part of mobile nasopharyngo in rest were superior to that without velopharyngeal muscular reconstruction, and there were variform PPW eminence-soft palate contact in velopharyngeal closure. The patients with complete or good velopharyngeal closure had a definite reduction in nasopharynx, compared to the patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency in the non-reconstructive group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The functional area for velopharyngeal closure after palatoplasty might be located in the middle part of mobile nasopharynx. The velopharyngeal muscular reconstruction in palatoplasty could reduce the size of nasopharynx and improve the coordination movement of velopharyngeal closure.</p>

Regeneration of autologous tissue-engineered cartilage by using basic-fibroblast growth factor in vitro culture / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of the basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) to regenerate an autologous tissue-engineered cartilage in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Cells were harvested from the elastic auricular cartilage of swine,and were plated at the concentration of 1 x 10(4) cells/cm2 , studied in vitro at two different media enviroments: Group I contained Ham's F-12 with supplements and b-FGF, Group II contained Ham's F-12 only with supplements. The passage 2 cells (after 12.75 +/- 1.26 days) were harvested and mixed with 30% pluronic F-127/Ham's F-12 at the concentration of 50 x 10(6) cells/ml. It was injected subcutaneously at 0.5 ml per implant. The implants were harvested 8 weeks after the vivo culture and examined with the histological stains.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The chondrocytes displayed morphologically similar to the fibroblasts in the media containing basic-FGF. The number of cell doublings (after 12.75 +/- 1.26 days) in vitro culture was as the following: Group I, 70; Group II, 5.4. Eight 8 weeks after the vivo autologous implantation, the average weight (g) and volume (cm3) in each group was as the following: Group I, 0.371 g/0.370 cm3 Group II, 0.179 g/0.173 cm3 (P < 0.01). With the b-FGF in vitro culture, the cells were expanded by 70 times after 2 weeks. Histologically, all of the engineered cartilage in the two groups were similar to the native elastic cartilage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results indicate that the basic-FGF could be used positively to enhance the quality and quantity of the seeding cells for the generation of the well-engineered cartilage.</p>

The applied anatomic study of palatopharyngeus muscle / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this investigation was to examine the anatomic basis of palatopharyngeus and clinical implications for sphincter pharyngoplasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Detailed dissections were performed on 17 sides of adult human head and neck specimens. The eight sides newborns' head and neck cadavers were also used in the study (4 normal and 4 cleft lip and palate). The observations of histologic serial sections were undertaken in six fetus head and neck specimens on coronal, transverse and sagittal direction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The palatopharyngeus with three components of pharyngeal origins and two heads of velar insertions contributes the continuity between the velum and lateral pharyngeal wall and the bulk of muscle fibers were extended to the posterior tonsilar pillars with (27.58 +/- 6.73) mm length and (34.1 +/- 10.50) mm2 section area. The muscles were supplied dominantly from the branches of ascending pharyngeal artery and tonsilar artery and partly from the branches of ascending palatine artery and dorsal lingual artery. The muscles were innervated by the branches of pharyngeal plexus which focus on the level 10 mm to 25 mm below the hard palate and at the level of 15 mm below the hard palate there was at least one of the nerve branch entered the muscle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The palatopharyngeus muscle is not only a major musculature of lateral pharyngeal wall but also an important portion of the soft palate, participating the middle and posterior velum, which means that the muscle may play a significant effect in the velar function and pharyngeal wall movements. It is also a good donor site for palatopharyngeus flap. The sphincter pharyngoplasty has some influence to the blood supply and innervation of the muscles, which may result to blood reversion and denervation for the distal component of palatopharyngeal flap.</p>