Ultrasonographic assessment of intracranial hemodynamics in acute stroke patients

Transcranial ultrasound [TU] is a noninvasive, easy-to-repeat diagnostic technique that is being used widely for the evaluation of cerebral heamodynamic. The aim of the study was to explore and demonstrate the findings that can be afforded by the Transcranial ultrasonography, the non imaging Transcranial Doppler sonography [TCD] and the imaging Transcranial color-coded Doppler sonography [TCCS], with more emphasis on the practical work of the TCCS. During a period of one academic year from October 2005 to October 2006, 50 non consecutive patients, seen at the stroke clinics of two medical institutions, were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups. The 1st group comprised of 25 patients recruited from Ain Shams specialized hospital who had TCD. The 2nd group comprised of another 25 patients recruited from Cairo University Hospital who had TCCS. Extra cranial Carotid Duplex had been done for both groups. In the two groups, the effect of the supplying artery on the insonated intracranial arteries was put in consideration whenever TCD or TCCS was done. Out of the 50 patients, 40 [80%] were successfully insonated yet in 10 [20%] patients, insonation through the temporal acoustic window failed; of which 6 [60%] were females and 4 [40%] were males. We found 11 [14%] MCAs which revealed abnormal waveform patterns [10 dampened and 1 blunted], reversal of flow in the ACA was noticed in three cases and a dampened waveform pattern in 12 PCAs. Regarding intracranial arterial stenosis, it was detected in 21 arteries [13 MCAs, 2 ACAs, 6 PCAs], 16 showed < 50% stenosis [9 MCAs, 2 ACAs, 5 PCAs] and 5 showed >/= 50% stenosis [4 MCAs, I PCAs]. We recommend that acute stroke patient, must perform a baseline TCU which, provide a hemodynamic intracranial image to what is present extracranially, Repeated examination can be achieved by TCU to serially monitor the therapeutic or spontaneous recanalization

relation between nutritional factors and multiple sclerosis: an Egyptian study

No single environmental exposure has been consistently identified as a causal factor in MS. It has been suggested that nutrition and food patterns may play a role in the aetiology of MS. To explore the nutritional pattern of MS Egyptian patients in comparison with that of controls. The relation between nutritional factors and MS was studied among 30 MS patients and 30 matched controls in neurology department Cairo University between June 2006 and January 2007. Dietary information was collected by employing 24 hours recall method and food frequency questionnaire. MS patients were underbuilt with lower BMI as compared to controls. Also patients seem to consume less vitamin A, B1, C, carbohydrates, proteins and more fat. A significant negative correlation was found between patient disability as measured by EDSS and iron and B1 intake. We found no statistical significant difference between patients and controls in zinc, iron, calcium, vitamin A, B2, C carbohydrates, fat and protein on one hand and patient disability. The study generally supports a protective role for antioxidants and increased risk of MS with fat consumption