Assessment of gender disparity in orthodontic treatment need among patients attending Islamic international dental hospital

The objective of this study was to compare the orthodontic treatment need among male and female patients attending Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad [I.I.D.H]. Different studies had been conducted to determine the orthodontic treatment need in Pakistan but so far no individual study had been done to compare orthodontic treatment need on basis of gender. Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need [IOTN] was used on a sample of 200 patients [100 male, 100 female] at Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, to evaluate the need for orthodontic treatment. Using SPSS version 10.0 data was analyzed. Result showed that 36% of female patients and 41% of male patients needed definite orthodontic treatment according to DHC whereas 12.5% of female patients and 23.5% of male patients were needed definite orthodontic treatment according to AC. Greater percentage of males was found in definite treatment need than females [p =0.005] according to AC whereas DHC showed insignificant difference among males and females for definite treatment need [p =0.133]

Comparison of measurements from manual and photographed lateral cephalograms

To compare the accuracy of cephalometric measurements on photographed cephalograms with traditional manual tracing as the gold standard. Cephalometric analysis of specified measurements was performed on cephalometric radiographs manually. Radiographs were subsequently photographed with a digital camera and the images were analyzed digitally with computer software for the same measurements. Paired sample t tests were used for statistical significance [p<0.05]. Clinical significance was set as more than 2o difference between the methods forany angular measurement. Cephalometric comparisons between original and digital images showed statistically significant differences for eight measurements. None of the means of the difference between the angular measurements in the two methods exceeded 20. Photographed cephalograms are reasonably accurate but careful photography technique must beadopted

Assessment of orthodontic treatment need among male and female patients attending Islamic International Dental Hospital Islamabad

The objective of this study is to compare the orthodontic treatment need among male and female patients attending Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad [IIDH]. Across-sectional study. Ten months from September 2007 to July 2008 at Islamic International Dental College. Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need 10TN] was used on a sample of 200 patients [100 male, 100 female] at Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, to evaluate the need for orthodontic treatment. Using SPSS version 10.0 data was analyzed. Result showed that 36% of female patients and 41% of male patients needed definite orthodontic treatment according to Dental Health Component [DHC] whereas 12.5% female patients and 23.5% male patients were needed definite orthodontic treatment according to Aesthetic Component [AC]. According to AC greater percentage of males was found in definite treatment need than females [p =0.005], whereas DHC showed insignificant difference among males and females for definite treatment need [p =0.133]. According to AC, there is more need of treatment for males than females. Whereas according to DHC there is no significant difference between males and females in treatment need

Orthodontic treatment need in 13 - 30 years patients by using the index of orthodontic treatment need

To evaluate the orthodontic treatment need a study was conducted at orthodontic department of Islamic International Dental Hospital [IIDH]. Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need [IOTN] was applied in a sample of 300 patients. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 10.0. Out of 300 subjects 114 were males and 186 females with mean age of 18 +/- 4.8 years were reported. Dental Health Component showed 19% [Grade 5], 57% [Grade 4], 18% [Grade 3], 5% [Grade 2] and 2% [Grade1] results respectively and Aesthetic Component showed percentages as 31.66% [Scale 1-4], 32% [Scale 5-7] and 36.3% [Scale 8-10]. Strong association was found between aesthetic component and dental health component [p=.000]. According to Dental Health Component 75% of the population was found to be in definite treatment need and only 36.3% of the population was in definite treatment need according to Aesthetic Component. No significant gender difference was found for treatment need

Applicability of melgaco equations for predicting the size of unerupted mandibular canines and premolars in patients reporting to Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad

The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of simple equations proposed by Melgaco to predict the mesiodistal widths of the unerupted mandibular permanent canines and premolars in patients visiting Islamic International Dental hospital, Islamabad. This study was conducted during 2007-2008 at orthodontic department of Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad. The sample consisted of 200 dental casts [100 male 100 female], obtained from patients reporting at the department of orthodontic, Islamic International Dental Hospital Islamabad, with the age range between 13 to 21 years. Mesiodistal tooth widths were measured with a digital vernier caliper. Correlation and determination coefficients were found between Sum of mandibular Incisors and first Molars [SMI] and Sum of actual width of mandibular Canine and Premolars [SCPM] of mandibular arch. A paired Student t test was used to compare the predicted and actual sum of the mandibular permanent Canines and Premolars [SCPM] for both genders combined and separately. Correlation coefficient was 0.673 and determination coefficient was 0.452 between SMI and actual SCPM. Significant difference was found between predicted and actual values of SCPM for male [0009] and for both genders combined [0.000]. Female subjects showed no significant difference [0.010].Only the simple equation proposed for female subjects by Melgaco et al is applicable in our sample

Canine retraction: efficacy of methods applied over the years - a systematic review

Objective of the present study was to assess the scientific evidence on the efficacy of various methods of canine retraction. A literature survey was performed by applying the Medline Database [Entrez PubMed]. Medical Subject Heading [MeSH] was used. References from the selected articles were also hand searched. The search strategy resulted in 129 articles. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criterion thirteen articles qualified for the final review analysis. The survey covered a period from 1983 to 2008. No one method can be considered superior to another in terms of faster tooth movement or limited side effects

In vitro comparison of shear bond strength of transbond XT and heliosit orthodontic as direct bracket bonding adhesives

Heliosit Orthodontic was developed to ease the bonding procedure of orthodontic attachments by eliminating the need for primer application both on the bracket base and the etched tooth surface. The aim of this study was to determine the shear bond strength of Heliosit Orthodontic and then compare it with the control group of Transbond XT. The study consisted of two groups A and B of 80 human premolar teeth each bonded with mesh based metal brackets. The bonding agent used in group A was Transbond XT and that of group B was Heliosit Orthodontic, Every effort was made to control the cofounding variables including light tip distance, force of application of bracket, storage of teeth before and after bonding and orientation of bracket in the acrylic block this was followed by debonding of the brackets by shearing in a universal testing machine. It was found that the mean shear bond strength of Transbond XT was 25.5 MPa and that of Heliosit orthodontic was 10.54 MPa. The t-test revealed that there was a significant difference between the shear bond strength of the two groups. In conclusion the bond strengths of both the composites tested were greater than the recommended values of Reynolds for the composites to be clinically useful. It is recommended that the bond strength and the viscosity of the Heliosit Orthodontic be increased for it to be clinically as efftctive as Transbond XT

Tooth size discrepancy in various malocclusion groups

To compare tooth size discrepancy among dental class I, class II div 1, class II div 2 and class III malocclusions. This study was conducted during 2006-2007 at the Orthodontic department of Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad. It was a cross sectional study conducted with sampling technique of non-probability [purposive]. Sample sizes were 200 patients with different malocclusion classes. Age ranged between 13 to 20 years. Bolton's ratio was used to determine the overall and anterior tooth size ratio amongst the various malocclusion groups. Bolton's anterior and overall ratios showed statistically significant differences among malocclusion groups. The mean anterior and overall Bolton's ratios for the different groups was in the order of Class III > Class I > Class II division 2 > Class II division 1. In our study statistically significant differences were found among different malocclusion groups and Class III group was found to have greater tooth size discrepancy than other malocclusion groups

Cleido-cranial Dysplasia

A 19-year old patient reported with mid face deficiency, un-erupted teeth and functional bite problems, his history revealed that he has another elder brother with the same birth condition. His chief concern was functional class III bite problems as well as poor aesthetics. He was clinically examined thoroughly to diagnose and label his condition. On examination, it was seen that he was able to join his shoulders [hypoplastic clavicles], mid face deficiency and relative mandibular prognathism, while hypertelorism was also noticed. On intra-oral examination, a high maxillary arch with all permanent teeth were found to be fully erupted except 3rd molars, right and left canines, incisors and left 1st premolar. The right central incisor was partially erupted. Left deciduous canine was retained. In the mandibular arch, relatively less permanent teeth were erupted. The teeth found missing were 3rd molars, all premolars except left 2nd premolar, right lateral incisor and both canines. The right 2nd deciduous molar, right and left deciduous canines and right deciduous lateral incisors were found retained. The crowns of all permanent 1st molars were grossly carious but without involvement of the pulp. The oral hygiene was not satisfactory with generalized plaque and calculus. After initial periodontal, conservative and extraction treatment, patient was ready for the dentures. On radiographic assessment [OPG], un-erupted teeth were present along with five supernumerary teeth in the lower arch and one in the upper arch