ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND Despite efforts to mitigate the impact of dengue virus (DENV) epidemics, the virus remains a public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Most DENV cases in the Americas between January and July 2019 were reported in Brazil. São Paulo State in the southeast of Brazil has reported nearly half of all DENV infections in the country. OBJECTIVES To understand the origin and dynamics of the 2019 DENV outbreak. METHODS Here using portable nanopore sequencing we generated20 new DENV genome sequences from viremic patients with suspected dengue infection residing in two of the most-affected municipalities of São Paulo State, Araraquara and São José do Rio Preto. We conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis with 1,630 global DENV strains to better understand the evolutionary history of the DENV lineages that currently circulate in the region. FINDINGS The new outbreak strains were classified as DENV2 genotype III (American/Asian genotype). Our analysis shows that the 2019 outbreak is the result of a novel DENV lineage that was recently introduced to Brazil from the Caribbean region. Dating phylogeographic analysis suggests that DENV2-III BR-4 was introduced to Brazil in or around early 2014, possibly from the Caribbean region. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our study describes the early detection of a newly introduced and rapidly-expanding DENV2 virus lineage in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Humans , Genetic Variation , Genomics , Dengue/virology , Dengue Virus/genetics , Phylogeny , Brazil , RNA, Viral/genetics , GenotypeABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Mutations related to Factor V Leiden (G1691A) and prothrombin (G20210A) are associated with a significantly increased risk of venous thromboembolism. The identification of a patient affected by episodes of venous thromboembolism and carrier of G1691A (heterozygous) and G20210A (homozygous) polymorphisms was determined by molecular tests [real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology, Genexpert system] during attendance at the Base Hospital of São José do Rio Preto-SP, Brazil.
RESUMO Mutações relacionadas com o fator V de Leiden (G1691A) e a protrombina (G20210A) estão associadas a um significativo aumento do risco de tromboembolismo venoso. Por meio da realização de exames moleculares [metodologia de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real, sistema Genexpert], em pacientes atendidos no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto-SP, Brasil, foi determinada a identificação de uma paciente afetada por episódios de tromboembolismo venoso e portadora dos polimorfismos G1691A (heterozigota) e G20210A (homozigota).
ABSTRACT
In an effort to detect West Nile virus (WNV) in Brazil, we sampled serum from horses and chickens from the Pantanal region of the state of Mato Grosso and tested for flavivirus-reactive antibodies by blocking ELISA. The positive samples were further confirmed for serological evidence of WNV infection in three (8%) of the 38 horses and one (3.2%) of the 31 chickens using an 80% plaque-reduction neutralisation test (PRNT80). These results provide evidence of the circulation of WNV in chickens and horses in Pantanal.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , West Nile Fever/veterinary , West Nile virus/immunology , Bird Diseases/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Chickens , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Horses , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Neutralization Tests , Seroepidemiologic Studies , West Nile Fever/diagnosis , West Nile Fever/epidemiologyABSTRACT
As infeccoes herpeticas sao complicacoes comuns em pacientes com AIDS. As manifestacoes clinicas podem ser incomuns e o tratamento antiviral e imperativo. Um metodo diagnostico rapido pode prevenir abordagens e tratamentos incorretos. A reacao em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e um metodo rapido, sensivel e especifico para a amplificacao de DNA e para o diagnostico de doencas infecciosas, especialmente as de etiologia viral. Esta abordagem tem vantagens quando comparada com os metodos convencionais de diagnostico virologico. Recentemente nos relatamos um novo protocolo de PCR para o dignostico rapido de infeccoes herpeticas com supressao da etapa de extracao de DNA. Neste trabalho nos apresentamos um caso de paroniquea herpetica com diagnostico atraves de PCR especifico para Herpes Simplex tipo 1 usando o referido protocolo
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis , Herpesviridae Infections/etiology , Herpesviridae Infections/therapy , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Gene Amplification/methods , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Herpesvirus 1, Human/isolation & purification , Homosexuality, Male , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapyABSTRACT
O feocromocitoma (FEO) é um tumor originário das células da medula da glândula supra-renal ou do sistema nervoso simpático liberador de catecolaminas. É causa incomum de hipertensäo, que pode ser curada com o tratamento cirúrgico do tumor. Neste trabalho, relatamos um caso desta patologia.