Effects of Dandelion Extract on the Proliferation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Cells and the Inhibition of a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Reaction / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Dandelion is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine with several active compounds found in extracts. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as a reduction in swelling and inflammation, and detoxification. The mechanism by which dandelion extract inhibits the inflammatory response in skeletal muscle cells remains unknown; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dandelion extract root on the proliferation of skeletal muscle cells and the alleviation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in vitro.</p><p><b>Methods</b>Rat skeletal muscle cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat and cultured in vitro which were cultured in basal medium, or medium containing LPS or dandelion extract. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was employed to measure cell proliferation; meanwhile, the optimal concentration of dandelion extract and treatment time were selected. Crystal violet staining was used to detect the proliferation of muscle cells. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors, myogenic factor, and p-AKT protein expression.</p><p><b>Results</b>The optimal concentration and treatment time of dandelion extract for the following study were 5 mg/ml and 4 days, respectively. Dandelion extract was found to increase proliferation of rat skeletal muscle cells (t = 3.145, P < 0.05), with the highest effect observed at 5 mg/ml. LPS was found to decrease proliferation of skeletal muscle cells (t = -131.959, P < 0.001), and dandelion extract could against this affection (t = 19.466, P < 0.01). LPS could induce expression of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (IL-1β: t = 9.118, P < 0.01; IL-6: t = 4.346, P < 0.05; TNF-α: t = 15.806, P < 0.05), and dandelion extract was shown to reduce LPS-induced expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α (IL-1β: t = -2.823, P < 0.05; IL-6: t = -3.348, P < 0.01; and TNF-α: t = -3.710, P < 0.01). Furthermore, LPS was also shown to decrease expression of myogenic factor, including myod1 and myogenin (MyoD1: t = 4.039, P < 0.05 and myogenin: t = 3.300, P < 0.01), but dandelion extract was shown to against this effect of LPS (MyoD1: t = -3.160, P < 0.05 and myogenin: t = -3.207, P < 0.01). And then, LPS was found to increase expression of p-AKT protein (p-AKT/AKT: t = 4.432, P < 0.05). Moreover, expression of p-AKT protein was found to decrease, with 5 mg/ml of dandelion extract (p-AKT/AKT: t = -3.618, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The findings indicate that dandelion extract plays an important role in skeletal muscle cells viability regulation, promote cells proliferation by increasing level of p-AKT protein expression, and reduce LPS-induced expression of inflammatory factors, inhibiting the inflammatory response of rat skeletal muscle cells.</p>

Comparison Thigh Skeletal Muscles between Snowboarding Halfpipe Athletes and Healthy Volunteers Using Quantitative Multi-Parameter Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Rest / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides a unique, noninvasive diagnostic platform to quantify the physiological and biochemical variables of skeletal muscle at rest. This study was to investigate the difference in thigh skeletal muscles between snowboarding halfpipe athletes and healthy volunteers via multiparametric MR imaging.</p><p><b>Methods</b>A comparative study was conducted between 12 healthy volunteers and 14 snowboarding halfpipe athletes. MR scanning targeted the left leg at the level of the proximal thigh on a 3.0T MR system. The measured parameters compared between the two groups included T1, T2, T2* relaxation times, fat fraction (FF), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris and the hamstring muscles. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent sample t-test. Interrater reliability was also assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).</p><p><b>Results</b>It was statistically equivalent between two groups in age, body mass index, thigh circumference, calf circumference, systolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate (all P > 0.05). However, the T1 and T2 values of the hamstring muscles in the athlete group were found to be significantly shorter than those in control group (T1: 1063.3 ± 24.1 ms vs. 1112.0 ± 38.2 ms in biceps femoris, 1050.4 ± 31.2 ms vs. 1095.0 ± 39.5 ms in semitendinosus, 1053.1 ± 31.7 ms vs. 1118.4 ± 40.0 ms in semimembranosus, respectively; T2: 33.4 ± 0.7 ms vs. 36.1 ± 1.9 ms in biceps femoris, 34.6 ± 2.0 ms vs. 37.0 ± 1.9 ms in semitendinosus, 36.9 ± 1.5 ms vs. 38.9 ± 2.4 ms in semimembranosus, respectively; all P < 0.05) although T2* relaxation time was detected with no significant difference. The FF of the hamstring muscles was obviously less than the control group (5.5 ± 1.9% vs. 10.7 ± 4.7%, P < 0.001). In addition, the quadriceps' CSA in the athlete group was substantially larger than the control group (8039.0 ± 1072.3 vs. 6258.2 ± 852.0 mm, P < 0.001). Interrater reliability was excellent (ICC: 0.758-0.994).</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>Multiple MR imaging parameters indicated significant differences between snowboarding halfpipe athletes and healthy volunteers in the thigh skeletal muscles.</p>

Magnetic Resonance Three-dimensional Cube Technique in the Measurement of Piglet Femoral Anteversion / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The accurate measurement of the femoral anteversion (FA) angle is always a topic of much debate in the orthopedic surgery and radiology research. We aimed to explore a new FA measurement method to acquire accurate results without radiation damage using piglet model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of thirty piglets were assigned to two groups based on the age. Bilateral femora were imaged with 3.0-T magnetic resonance (MR) and 64-slice computed tomography (CT) examinations on all piglets. FA was measured on MR-three-dimensional (3D) postprocessing software with a four-step method: initial validation of the femoral condylar axis, validation of the condylar plane, validation of the femoral neck axis, and line-plane angle measurement of FA. After MR and CT examinations, all piglets were sacrificed and their degree of FA was measured using their excised, dried femora. MR, CT, and dried-femur measurement results were analyzed statistically; MR and CT measurements were compared for accuracy against each other and against the gold standard dried femur measurement.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In both groups, the mean FA value measured by MR was lower than that measured by CT. A statistically significant difference was observed between CT- and dried-femur measurements but not between MR- and dried-femur measurements. A higher correlation (0.783 vs. 0.408) and a higher consistency (0.863 vs. 0.578) with dried-femur measurement results were seen for MR measurements than CT measurements in the 1-week age group. However, in the 8-week age group, similar correlations (0.707 vs. 0.669) and consistencies (0.864 vs. 0.821) were observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Noninvasive MR-3D-Cube reconstruction was able to accurately measure FA in piglets. Particularly in the 1-week age group with a larger proportion of cartilaginous structures, the correlation and consistency between MR- and dried-femur measurement results were higher than those between CT- and dried-femur measurements, suggesting that MR may be a new useful examination tool for FA-related diseases in children.</p>

Diagnostic value of automated breast volume scanner in high-risk and small breast lesions / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the accuracy of detection by automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) in diagnosis of high-risk and small breast lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twelve patients with solid high-risk and small breast lesions were identified by ABVS. The patients were divided into benign lesion group and cancer group after pathological examination. The clinicopathological findings and ultrasonographic features of the lesions were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 112 lesions there were 49 benign and 63 malignant lesions. The mean size on ABVS and pathology were (1.59 ± 0.52) cm and (1.52 ± 0.58) cm. There was no significant difference in tumor sizes determined by ABVS and pathology (P = 0.194). The mean age of patients with benign lesions was (38.5 ± 7.4) years and that of malignant lesions was (52.4 ± 13.6) years, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001) . The mass shape, orientation, margin, lesion boundary, echo pattern, calcification, BI-RADS category and retraction phenomenon were significantly different of the malignant and benign masses (P < 0.05). But there was no significant difference in the location of lesions and posterior acoustic features (P > 0.05) . Retraction phenomenon was significantly associated with pathological type and histologic grade of the breast cancer (P < 0.01). The specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of retraction phenomenon were 100% (46/46), 73.0% (46/63), and 84.8% (95/112), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ABVS provides advantages of better size prediction of high-risk and small breast lesions. Furthermore, the retraction phenomenon in coronal plane shows high specificity and sensitivity in detecting breast cancer.</p>

Evaluation of mid-term follow-up after Salter innominate osteotomy in developmental dysplasia of the hip / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the mid-term outcome after Salter innominate osteotomy in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and to observe the developmental characteristics of the hip after operation and the relationships between the mid-term outcome and radiographic parameters as well as age at operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>: Forty-four patients with 61 treated hips were selected. The patients were treated with Salter innominate osteotomy and followed-up for at least three years with intact serial radiographs. Radiographs taken before operation, 6 weeks, 1 year and 2 - 3 years after operation and in the latest follow-up were selected. Acetabular index (AI), Sharp acetabular angle (SAA) and center-edge angle of Wiberg (CEA) were measured and Severin classification was done according to radiographs taken in the latest follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average correction of AI was 14° postoperatively. The acetabulum remodels best at 2-3 years after operation when the average AI became very close to normal. In the latest follow-up the SAA was 41° which could be regarded as normal. Postoperative CEA was on average 23° which increased to 25° 2-3 years later. In the latest follow-up, the average CEA was 26°. The ratio of excellent and good outcomes (Severin I, II) was 84%, while the ratio of moderate and poor outcomes (Severin III, IV, V, VI) was 16%. Age at operation had a negative effect on outcomes. Although 70% patients operated after age 6 had satisfactory outcomes. The Severin I, II group showed no difference in AI from III, IV, V, VI group 6 weeks after operation, but the AI of the former obviously improved 2-3 years after operation while that of the latter deteriorated. Significant difference in SAA and the CEA could be observed in the latest follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Salter innominate osteotomy focuses on normalizing the abnormal acetabular direction in DDH children as well as stimulating the remodeling of the acetabulum, which provides a satisfactory middle-term outcome. The acetabulum remodels rapidly during the first three years after operation when AI and CEA develops into normal. Interference should be adopted if these changes have not appeared in the first three years.</p>

Evaluation of the left ventricular systolic asynchrony in hemodialysis depended patients by tissue synchronization imaging / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular systolic synchrony in hemodialysis depended(HD)patients by tissue synchronization imaging(TSI).Methods GE Vivid 7 ultrasound system with TSI and Q-analyze software was performed in 70 HD patients and 35 control individuals.According to the left ventricular enddiastolic diameter(LVDd),HD patients were divided into left ventricular enlarged group(HD1,LVDd＞55 mm)and non-left ventricular enlarged group(HD2,LVDd≤50 mm).Systolic asynchrony was determined by measuring the time to peak systolic velocity of all 12 segments corrected by the heart rate(Tc).Results ①The mean Tc and the Tc of most segments were greater in both the HD1 and HD2 groups than in controls(both P＜0.05).②The Tc was prolonged in 463(463/840)segments in HD group and left ventricular systolic asynchrony was detected in all patients(70/70).③The mean peak systolic velocity(PSV)and the PSV of most segments in HD group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).④Compared with HD2 group,Tc was increased and PSV was decreased in partial segments of HD1 group(P＜0.05),but no significant differences in mean Tc and mean PSV were found between HDI and HD2 groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions Left ventricular systolic synchronicity was impaired in hemodialysis depended patients.TSI was shown to be useful for the detection of myocardial abnormalities and asynchrony in such patients and provided reliable parameters for clinical therapy.