Gingivitis and dental caries status among the school going children of Jamshoro city

The purpose of the study is to assess the gingivitis and dental caries status among school going children of Jamshoro city. Descriptive Study This study was conducted at the out patients department of Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro during the year Jan 2010 to Oct 2011 A descriptive study was conducted among 700 school going children. The general information and the information regarding oral hygiene practice and dental visits were obtained. The gingivitis of the subjects was assessed by using Loe and Silness Gingival Index. The dental caries status was assessed by using International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Out of 700 school children, n=270 [38.57%] were boys and reaiming n=430 [61.42%] were girls, the age distribution was done in three groups and in group one total children were n=101 [14.42%], in group two n=187 [26.71%] and in group three n=432 [58.85%] children, Gingival Index according to Loe and Silness in grade zero were n=322 [46.00%] children, grade one n=165 [23.57%] children, grade two n=143 [20.42%] children and in grade three n=70 [7%] children, Dental Caries Status of school children in relation with age group was in age group one n=199 [28.42%] children, in age group two n=175 [25%] children and in age group three n=115 [16.42%] children. The results of this study indicate that there is a moderate prevalence of gingivitis and dental caries among school going children of Jamshoro city. We the dental care providers, oral hygienist, parents and teachers trying to motivate the school going childrens for to improving the oral health of the oral cavity so that they can prevent themselves from common problems of the oral cavity

Selecting the appropriate electrode placement site for pulp tester on first premolar teeth

To find out the appropriate electrode placement site for electric pulp tester on first premolar teeth of both arches. This was an experimental study performed at Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from October 2010 to March 2011. Forty volunteers with first premolar teeth free of restorations and caries were recruited. First premolar from each quadrant was selected, and rubber dam was applied without clamps. Three sites on each crown were tested twice with an electric pulp tester, and lowest threshold responses were recorded. Data were analyzed with ANOVA variable test. The lowest response for both [maxillary and mandibular] teeth was found on the tip of buccal cusp. Other sites showed an increase in level from the tip of buccal cusp, middle 1/3 of buccal surface and cervical 1/3 of buccal surface. No statistically significant difference was found in the responses of male and female subjects. It was concluded that the appropriate electrode placement site for pulp tester on first premolar teeth is the tip of buccal cusp

Dental resin-based composites: a transition from macrofilled to nanofilled

The invention of dental resin based-composites [RBCs] has provided a broad range of materials for the restoration of load-bearing posterior teeth with excellent clinical results and adequate longevity. A variety of RBCs, namely "microhybrid", "nanohybrid" and "nanofilled" have been marketed with bold claims of a technological advancement. Although "microhybrid", "nanohybrid" and "nanofilled" RBCs have exhibited a degree of clinical and experimental success compared with their predecessors, however, it is difficult to justify which RBC is superior as a result of slight variations in filler size and associated interchangeable mechanical and physical properties of RBCs. The objective of the current review article is to highlight the development of various filler particles of dental RBCs and resultant variation in mechanical and physical properties which may ultimately provide directions for future research on the RBCs

Postobturation pain after single visit endodontics in teeth with pulpal necrosis

Whether root canal treatment [RCT] is performed in single or in multiple sessions, infection control and elimination or reducing postobturation pain is a key factor for the success of RCT. Single visit RCT is now being considered as a good alternative to multiple visit RCT. The objective of this study was to assess the frequeney of post-obturation pain after single visit root canal treatment in teeth wilh pulpal necrosis along with the effect of age, gender and arch on pain severity after single visit endodontes. A total of 70 pulpally necrosed teeth of patients requiring RCT were treated at Operative Department of Altanmsh Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi; from July 2008 to Feb 2009. 7 patients did not return for followup, therefore 63 patients were included in the study. The study design was Interventional Quasi experimental. Pre and Postobturation pain was recorded according to verbal rating scale before RCT, after 1[st] day, one week and after one month. Data was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Preoperative pain was observed in 57% of patients. While at first day follow up, postoperative pain was observed in 58% of patients, After seventh day pain existed in 14% [p=0.0001] of patients, after one month 8% [p=0.0001] patients remained painful. There was significant difference in severity of post-obturation pain in 16 to 35 year age group as compared to 36 to 40 year age group. Severity of pain significantly decreased in 16 to 25 and 26 to 35 age group at 1[st], 7[th] and 1 month recall [p=0.001]. Male gender in contrast to female gender had a significantly reduced severity of pain 1st month post operatively [p=0.001]. Severity of pain was significantly decreased in maxillary teeth as compared to madibular arch [pre vs. 1 days p=0.006] and [1st day vs. 1st month; p=0.0001]. The lack of post-obturation pain was found to be positivity co-related with single visit endodontics in age group of 16-35 years, male gender and maxillary teeth

Oral lichen planus: a clinical study

To evaluate the clinical characteristics, predisposing/aggravating factors and malignant potential of oral lichen planus [OLP]. Case series. Department of Dermatology and Oral Pathology, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, from January 2006 to November 2007. Patients of either gender aged above 12 years, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for OLP were enrolled for study. Patients not willing to participate or suspected to have drug-induced lichenoid reactions were excluded. History regarding the onset and duration, symptoms, addictions was elicited followed by oral, cutaneous and systemic examination. Biopsy was taken when the diagnosis was doubtful or malignancy was suspected. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.0 for frequency and percentage. A total of 95 patients [40 male and 55 female], aged between 17 and 62 years were enrolled. Diabetes [n=05] and hypertension [n=04] were the accompanying comorbidities. Family history was positive in 3 patients only. Reticular form was the most common clinical type seen in 52 [54.7%], followed by erosive in 31[32.6%] and atrophic/erythematous types in 12 [12.6%] patients. The disease caused pain, burning and other symptoms in 72 [75.7%] patients. Buccal mucosa was the chief site of involvement [n=31]. Other sites involved were tongue [n=20], lips [n=28], palate [n=9] and floor of mouth [n=03]. Stress, spicy foods and poor oral hygiene aggravated disease in most [n=77] of the patients. OLP is a chronic disease with diverse clinical manifestations and multiple site involvement. Associated pigmentation of surrounding mucosa was unique finding of this study. Long-term follow up is needed to assess the malignant potential. Stress was the most important factor aggravating the disease