ABSTRACT
Backgrounds: Anxiety and depression are found to be the major contributors to irritable bowel syndrome [IBS]. The present study aimed to measure the effect of a specifically designed cognitive behavioural therapy [CBT] program on the severity of the symptoms and quality of life of patients with chronic IBS, and also define whether anxiety and depression in patients with IBS at baseline affect their response to CBT
Methods: The participants were randomly allocated to conventional treatment only [n=25, control] or CBT plus conventional treatment [n=25, intervention] group. The intervention group attended an eight-session group stress management training course conducted by a psychologist in a meeting room at a gastrointestinal clinic at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. Pre- and post-interventions and 3-month follow-up visits were scheduled and conducted by an experienced healthcare worker to measure the primary outcomes and levels of depression and anxiety in the patients. The study was conducted on 2011
Results: The Raw Group Difference [RGD] and Standardised Mean Differences [SMD] for the post-treatment scores of the intervention group, when compared with those of the control group, indicated a considerable improvement in the severity of IBS symptoms [RGD=?10.48, SMD=?1.23], anxiety [RGD=?9.90, SMD=?0.725], d epression [RGD=?9.57, SMD=?0.785] and patient's quality of life [MD=?16.81, SMD=?0.469]. No association [and interaction with CBT] was found between anxiety/depression at baseline and post-treatment or follow-up scores of the outcomes
Conclusion: Although CBT improved anxiety, depression, severity of IBS and quality of life of patients with IBS, its effect was independent of the initial level of anxiety and depression of the patients
ABSTRACT
Infertility is a major painful emotional distress that is manifested in the form of psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression and reduction of normal sexual function in affected couples. The purpose of this study was to compare anxiety, depression and life satisfaction between fertile and infertile women admitted to Vali-e-Asr Infertility Clinic in Tehran in 2009. This descriptive study included 60 participants, being composed of 30 infertile and 30 fertile women. The demographic data including marital status, infertility duration, age and occupation were recorded. Zung's self-rating Anxiety Scale and Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] were used for evaluating anxiety and depression, respectively. The Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness [ENRICH] questionnaire was also used for evaluating the participants' life satisfaction. Anxiety and depression were significantly higher in infertile compared to fertile women [p < 0.05] but life satisfaction was not much different in the two groups. In both groups, anxiety and depression did not relate with age or infertility duration but life satisfaction grew more in infertile women than fertile women by age and marriage duration. In the two groups, anxiety, depression and sex satisfaction did not relate with education but infertility duration was affected by sexual satisfaction despite having no significant relationship with anxiety or depression. Moreover, depression and sexual dissatisfaction in infertile housekeeper women was more prevalent than infertile employed women but anxiety had no relationship with their occupational status. Infertile women need psychiatric care. Considering the results of this study, suggestions addressing the improvement of psychological health of infertile women through supportive measures seem to be of value
ABSTRACT
Motivational beliefs are a series of personal and social criteria to which people refer in order to perform an action and they include different constructions which are made by different theoretical models such as attribution theory, self-efficiency theory, goal theory and intrinsic motivation theory. The purpose of this study was to examine the effective factors [familial, Individual, academic and environmental] on providing a good model for motivational beliefs of students, Tehran city, capital of Iran. The present research was conducted through survey method and statistical sample comprise 499 high school students including: 282 female [56.6%] and 217 male [43.4%] within the age group of 15-18. These students were selected by proportionate stratified sampling among high school students located in district 1 of Tehran city in 2010. The instruments utilized were Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire [MSLQ], The School Attitude Assessment Survey_Revised [SAAS_R], Rotter's internal-external control scale, Researcher designed questionnaire for assessing academic factors, Researcher designed questionnaire for assessing social values and culture and family socio-economic status questionnaire. The data was analyzed through independent sample tests, pearson correlation test and multiple simultaneous regressions. The results revealed that most significant relation between previous mentioned factors and students' motivational beliefs in order include: environmental factors [r=0.440], individual factors [r=0.426] and academic factors [r=0.248] [P<0.01]. Familial factors do not have significant relationship with students' motivational beliefs [r=-0.002, P>0.05]. The study revealed that there were direct and positive relations between students' motivational beliefs and environmental, individual and academic factors