ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aims to identify the relationship between dietary intakes of β-carotene with riskof oral cancer. Methods: A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted on 306 Malaysians whoseek treatment at participating centres/hospitals. Subjects selected from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Dataand Tissue Banking System (MOCDTBS) consisted of 153 cases and 153 controls that were matchedfor gender, age (±5 years) and ethnicity. Food consumption was measured using Food FrequencyQuestionnaire (FFQ). NutrieMart Version 2.0.0 software was used to estimate daily nutrient of eachsubject from the FFQ. Logistic Regression analysis was conducted to compute the odds ratio (OR) forintakes of β-carotene and oral cancer risk. Results: Intake of β-carotene was found to be not associatedwith risk of oral cancer (OR 0.83, 95%CI: 0.42-1.66, p>0.05). Conclusion: No significant associationwas found between dietary intakes of β-carotene with oral cancer risk in this study population.
ABSTRACT
Acral melanoma has been reported to have distinctive clinical presentation and ethnic distribution compared to other histological types of malignant melanoma. Acral melanoma also exhibits distinctive focused gene amplifi cations, including cyclin D1 overexpression. We reviewed archived histological material of malignant melanoma in the Sarawak General Hospital from year 2004 to 2010. 43 tumours, comprising 28 acral melanoma and 15 non-acral melanoma, had suffi cient material to be included in the study. The majority (36%) of acral melanoma tumours occurred in the heel. The tumours were analyzed for cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry. 68% of acral melanoma were cyclin D1 positive compared to a positivity of 33% in non-acral tumours. This difference was statistically signifi cant (p <0.05). This fi nding may improve the histological diagnosis of acral melanoma and detection of positive resection margins.
ABSTRACT
Colorectal carcinogenesis is a complex multistep process that includes changes in histomorphological appearance of the colonic mucosa and changes at molecular level. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was first described by Bird in 1987 on examination of methylene-blue-stained colonic mucosa of azoxymethane-treated mice under light microscopy. Since then ACF was considered as the earliest preneoplastic change that can be seen in the colonic mucosa. The aim of this study was to look at the histomorphology and distribution of ACF in colorectal carcinoma. 50 formalin-fixed archival colectomy specimens for colorectal carcinoma were examined under light microscopy after staining with 0.2% methylene blue. ACF was identified by larger and darker crypts with thickened epithelium, and often elevated from adjacent normal mucosa. ACF was found in 41 of 50 colectomy specimens examined. There were 328 ACF consisting of 36 (11.0%) ACF without hyperplasia or dysplasia, 263 (80.2%) ACF with hyperplasia and 29 (8.8%) ACF with dysplasia. Of these 29 ACF with dysplasia, 25 showed low grade dysplasia and four high grade dysplasia. The density of ACF was higher in the left colon, those older than 65 years of age and among males but these findings were statistically not significant. The crypt multiplicity of hyperplastic ACF (30.149, SD 28.395) was larger than dysplastic ACF (20.613, SD 40.128). The spectrum of histological changes observed probably represent the evolution of ACF in colorectal carcinogenesis.