ABSTRACT
The objective of the study was to determine level of dental anxiety related to dental procedures in dental students and comparing the dental anxiety between male and female undergraduate dental students of Rawal Dental College. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Rawal Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan during October 2016. A validated Corah Dental Anxiety Scale [DAS] questionnaire were distributed among dental students in first, second, third and fourth year students present at the day of study. There were four questions with five options in this scale that assess level of anxiety. Total score ranged from 4-20. This was total of all points of scale items. The score 8 or below 8 showed no anxiety, 9-12 showed moderate level of anxiety, 13-14 showed high level of anxiety and 15-20 showed severe level of anxiety. Chi-Square Test used to determine level of anxiety and Mean Anxiety Score between male and female students. Mean and Standard Deviation of gender was calculated by independent T test and that of Academic classes of dental students were calculated by one-way ANOVA. Results showed female students presented with higher mean anxiety score as compared to male students. The difference was statistically insignificant [P-value = 0.10]. Dental anxiety reduced from first year to final year. Female students had more high to severe level of anxiety as compared to male students. Mean and standard deviation of Mean anxiety score was calculated i.e. 9.11 +/-3.15
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to find out the most common irrigant and irrigation method used by dentists of Rawalpindi/IslamabadA questionnaire was distributed by hand to dentists in the 6 hos-pitals of Rawalpindi/ Islamabad which consisted of a set of 7 questions regarding the most common irrigant and the method of irrigation used for the disinfection and cleaning of the root canal system. The study was carried over a period of one week and the total number of respondents were 113.It was found out that among the 113 respondents, 70 [61.94%] were using saline as root canal irrigant, 37 [32.74% ] were using NaOCL ,and only 6 [5.30%], were using combination of NaOCL and EDTA. Out of 113 respondants, 101 [89.38%] were use syringe delivery method and 12 [10.61%] manually agitated the solution with file for irrigation. The most common reason for not using the NaOCL and EDTA combination was due to time constraint that didn't allow dentists to use rubber dam i.e by 75 respondents [72.82%]. Unaffordability and unavailaibility was reported to be the cause by 10[9.7%] and 14[13.59%] respondants respectively. Saline was found out to be the most common irrigant used and the most common method of irrigation was found out to be through syringe delivery
ABSTRACT
Hepatitis B is a virus of great concern for healthcare providers, with an increasing prevalence in Pakistan. Dentists are blamed for this as negligence in infection control procedures [improper instru-ment sterilization, reuse] has led to this surge. The study was aimed to collect information regarding knowledge, attitude as well as practices about Hepatitis B infection by 200 house officers in dental colleges of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.A KAP survey was done in Dec 2017 with pretested questionnaire having queries regarding knowl-edge, attitude and protective measures to prevent transmission of Hepatitis B. SPSS 16.0 software was utilized for data analysis. There were 136 [68%] female participants and 64 [32%] males were participants with mean age of 23.6+1.2 .The results showed that the dental professionals were quite aware of Hepatitis B and its transmission [62.5%].92.5% responded that without proper infection control measures one can acquire it. They were well informed about Hepatitis B vaccination [89.5%], precautions and droplet isolation procedures. However, continuous educational programs on isolation precautions and infection control measures can reduce the chances of cross infection
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the confidence level of house officers in performing root canal treatment. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences and Islamic International Dental Hospital from june 2017 to January 2018. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed among house officers of both hospitals. The questionnaire utilized scaled response to determine the level of confidence while performing various steps of root canal treatment. The level of confidence was categorized using 5-point Likert's scale as 1=not at all confident, 2=not very confident, 3=neutral, 4=confident and 5=very confident. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS version 17.0. Counts and percentages were measured for various parameters of respondent's confidence level. Chi- square test was used to compare confidence level between the two genders and also between the two institutes. Majority of house officers were not confident in placement of rubber dam [44%], working length determination using apex locator [36%] and management of flare-ups [40%]. Male gender was found more confident than female regarding various steps of root canal procedure. House officers of Rawal institute of health sciences were more confident in some steps of root canal than house officers of Islamic international dental hospital. Overall it was concluded that though house officers were confident in performing root canal, however, they were found to have low confidence in performing difficult steps like rubber dam application, use of electronic apex locator and management of flare-ups
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article was to report the successful nonsurgical endodontic management of mandibular first premolar with unusual anatomy and hypercementosis that was not reported elsewhere before and the challenges that were faced while determining the apical stop and preparation of apical part of the canal. A 25-year old Saudi male patient reported to referral hospital, with chief complaint of continuous pain in lower right quadrant for 2-3 days. His medical history was non-contributing. Clinical examination revealed a carious lesion on the mandibular right first premolar. The pain was of acute in nature but was not tender on percussion . Interestingly unique pattern of the canal system was found on periapical radiographs which resembled configuration ofVertucci type V and hypercementosis at the apex of the tooth. In this case while performing the endodontic treatment two very important challenges were faced. The first one was to determine the working length as the apices of tooth were hindered by hypercementosis and other one was to prepare the apical part of canal adequately without file separation that was obstructed by hypercementosis. Determination of working length was challenged as there was no definitive apex found on the digital radiographs and also variable readings were found with the apex locator, therefore the image was magnified and contrast with different color scheme with the help of digital imaging software [Vatech] in order to determine the radiographic apical preparation stop. Following the working length determination, the root canals were prepared with a crown down technique and the great resistance were noticed in apical part of canal due to hypercementosis, therefore the apical preparation was finished at proptaper finishing file [F 1] and obturated with lateral condensation. This case describes a mandibular premolar with an unusual anatomy and pathology. Coronally the single canal is divided into two canals in mid-root that terminate into separate apical foramens, but presence of excessive cementum at apex of root hindered the apex on radiographs, thus apical termination point of endodontic instrumentation was difficult to evaluate and also the apical part of canal was hard to prepare, owing to hyper cementation
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a standard protocol to prevent bleeding episode/s after dental procedures. Eighty-six pediatric patients [5-13 yrs] of both genders requiring minor invasive dental procedures were screened by the Haemophilic Center and referred to Dental Department of Children's hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences [PIMS], Islamabad. Protocols observed to provide correct homeostasis included pre-operative intravenous factor replacement therapy and post-operative local and systemic application of tranexamic acid. Treatment outcome rated as excellent [achievement of normal haemostatic with local and orally agents] was achieved in 57% patients. A good outcome [mildly abnormal haemostatis requiring systemic agents but not requiring factor therapy] was found in 39% while only 3 patients exhibited a poor outcome [severely abnormal haemostatis requiring factor therapy]. No bleeding event required hospitalization. It was concluded that strict observance of this protocol can be termed successful in achieving haemostatis in haemophilic patients undergoing minor invasive dental treatment
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the different reasons for root canal failure in the department of dentistry at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. It was a cross sectional study which was based on collection and interpretation of data. Seventy patients of both genders were selected from dental out patient department of PIMS. All patients selected, presented with post endodontic complaints. Majority of the endodontic failures, reported with periapical infection or pain on percussion. The main reason for endodontic failure was unfilled or untreated root canals, followed by underextended and overextended root canal fillings