Diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli and escherichia albertii in Brazil: pathotypes and serotypes over a 6-year period of surveillance

Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a leading cause of infectious diarrhoea worldwide. In recent years, Escherichia albertii has also been implicated as a cause of human enteric diseases. This study describes the occurrence of E. coli pathotypes and serotypes associated with enteric illness and haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) isolated in Brazil from 2011 to 2016. Pathotypes isolated included enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Shiga toxinproducing E. coli (STEC). PCR of stool enrichments for DEC pathotypes was employed, and E. albertii was also sought. O:H serotyping was performed on all DEC isolates. A total of 683 DEC and 10 E. albertii strains were isolated from 5047 clinical samples. The frequencies of DEC pathotypes were 52.6% (359/683) for EPEC, 32.5% for EAEC, 6.3% for ETEC, 4.4% for EIEC and 4.2% for STEC. DEC strains occurred in patients from 3 months to 96 years old, but EPEC, EAEC and STEC were most prevalent among children. Both typical and atypical isolates of EPEC and EAEC were recovered and presented great serotype heterogeneity. HUS cases were only associated with STEC serotype O157:H7. Two E. albertii isolates belonged to serogroup O113 and one had the stx2f gene. The higher prevalence of atypical EPEC in relation to EAEC in community-acquired diarrhoea in Brazil suggests a shift in the trend of DEC pathotypes circulation as previously EAEC predominated. This is the first report of E. albertii isolation from active surveillance. These results highlight the need of continuing DEC and E. albertii surveillance, as a mean to detect changes in the pattern of pathotypes and serotypes circulation and provide useful information for intervention and control strategies.

Contenidos en el área de salud y competencias específicas en el ciclo de nivelación de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas / Contents in the health section and specific competences in the leveling course in the School of Medicine / Conteúdos na área de saúde e habilidades específicas no ciclo de nivelamento da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas

Las instituciones universitarias para lograr excelencia académica en los futuros profesionales exigen considerar a la educación con un signifi cado primordial. El presente trabajo identifi ca los contenidos en el área de salud en los materiales de ejercitación del Ciclo de Nivelación y las competencias específi cas en los diferentes Ejes Temáticos, desde la perspectiva de los profesores. Para identifi car los contenidos del área de salud se aplicó un instrumento con los ítems: objetivos, contenidos, actividades y bibliografía. Para indagar la perspectiva de los profesores se implementó un cuestionario a ocho informantes claves, que incluyó la valoración de las competencias específi cas en el área a su cargo. De acuerdo a lo trabajado, se reconoce la importancia de articulación entre educación y salud, en términos de vincular experiencia-formación de los docentes, conocimientos de los estudiantes y contenidos específi cos en relación al proceso salud-enfermedad, porque se transforma en retroalimentación para los Ciclos de Nivelación.

In order to achieve academic excellence in their future professionals, university institutions require the consideration of education with a fundamental meaning. This work identifi es the contents in the health section of the exercise material included in the Leveling Course and the specifi c competences in the different Main Topics, from the teachers´perspective. An instrument including the following items: objectives, contents, activities and biography was applied to identify the contents in the health section. To inquire about the teachers’ perspective a questionnaire was used with eight key informants; it included the assessment of specifi c competences in the area they are in charge of. As a conclusion, it is observed that it is important to articulate education and health, in terms of linking teachers’ experience-training, students’ knowledge and specifi c contents regarding the process health-illness, since it becomes feedback for the Leveling Courses.

As instituições universitárias, visando a excelência acadêmica nos futuros profi ssionais, exigem considerar a educação como tendo um signifi cado fundamental. Este documento identifi ca os conteúdos na área da saúde dos materiais de treinamento do Ciclo de Nivelamento e as competências específi cas nos diferentes Eixos Temáticos a partir da perspectiva dos professores. Para identifi car os conteúdos da área de saúde aplicou-se um instrumento composto dos itens: objetivos, conteúdos, atividades e bibliografi a. Para pesquisar a perspectiva dos professores aplicou-se um questionário a oito docentes-chave, que incluiu a avaliação de competências específi cas na área da sua responsabilidade.. De acordo com o trabalho, pode-se reconhecer a importância da articulação entre educação e saúde, em termos de articular a experiência-formação dos professores, os conhecimentos dos estudantes e os conteúdos específi cos em relação ao processo saúde-doença, pois ele torna-se em retroalimentacão para os Ciclos de Nivelamento.