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2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 68(6): 437-441, nov.-dic. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633584

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el proceso de limitación de los esfuerzos terapéuticos (LET) en los pacientes internados en una sala general. Para ello se realizó un estudio prospectivo descriptivo, desarrollado en la sala de internación general de un hospital universitario. Fueron evaluados pacientes que tuviesen alguna LET, asistidos por el servicio de clínica médica en un período de 60 días consecutivos. Durante el mismo se hospitalizaron 402 pacientes, 62 (15%) tuvieron algún tipo de LET. Este último grupo estaba compuesto por un 66% de mujeres, la mediana de edad fue de 86 años (78-90) y de la duración de hospitalización de 12 días (8-18). La mala calidad de vida fue la causa más frecuente de LET (69%). Se brindó información acerca de las limitaciones a 43 familias (69%) y 8 pacientes (13%). En la decisión participaron el médico de cabecera (50%), médicos de planta (50%), residentes (40%), la familia (42%) y los propios pacientes (11%). En 7 casos hubo constancia en la historia clínica (11%). Diecisiete pacientes (27%) con LET fallecieron durante la internación, mientras que 44 (71%) fueron dados de alta. En conclusión, la limitación de esfuerzos terapéuticos en nuestros pacientes constituyó un hecho frecuente. No se logró identificar un proceso uniforme o sistematizado para la toma de la decisión de LET. Resulta innegable la necesidad de normativas que guíen al equipo de salud en la toma de decisiones, tranquilicen a familiares y acompañen a los pacientes en sus reales necesidades.


The purpose of this study is to describe the limiting life-sustaining treatment process of patients admitted to a general ward. A prospective descriptive study was designed. The setting was the general ward of universitary hospital. Study participants were patients assisted by the internal medicine department during a 60- consecutive days period who had limitations of life sustaining treatments. During the study period, 402 patients were hospitalized, 62 (15%) of them had limitations of life support care. The median patient age of the last group was 86 years (78-90), 66% were women and the length of stay was 12 days (8-18). A low quality of life was the most frequent cause of limitation (69%). Information about the limitations was provided to 43 families (69%) and 8 patients (13%). The primary care physician participated in the decision in 50% of the cases, while the attending physician, the resident in charge, patient's family and patients themselves participated in 50%, 40%, 42% and 11% of the cases respectively. The decision of limiting life-sustaining treatments was recorded in seven patient's charts (11%). Seventeen (27%) patients with limitations died during the hospital stay while 44 (71%) were discharged. In conclusion, we found a frequent life sustaining treatment limitation in our patients. These decisions did not follow a uniform or systemized process. The need of guidelines to sort the medical and ethical challenges imposed to the medical team is undeniable.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Critical Illness/therapy , Life Support Care/standards , Terminal Care , Argentina , Critical Illness/mortality , Decision Making , Family/psychology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Prospective Studies , Quality of Life , Withholding Treatment
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 66(5): 385-391, 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-451705

ABSTRACT

Los pacientes con neutropenia y fiebre constituyen una población heterogénea con riesgo variable para el desarrollo de complicaciones serias y mortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificarfactores que, presentes al ingreso, estuvieran asociados a mayor riesgo de complicaciones graves en pacientesque se internan por neutropenia y fiebre. Se trata de un estudio de seguimiento de una cohorte de 238 episodios de neutropenia y fiebre (neutrófilos <1000/mm3 y T>38.3 °C) en 167 pacientes internados en sala general en nuestra institución desde 1997 a 2004. Ochenta y dos por ciento de los pacientes tenían enfermedad hematológica, 14% tumores sólidos y 4% no asociados a quimioterapia. Se registraron 67 eventos adversos (46% de insuficiencia renal, 27% de hipotensión refractaria, 15% de insuficiencia respiratoria y 12% con sangrado mayor). Se hallaron diferencias significativas en presencia de comorbilidades previas, temperatura mayor a 39 °C, frecuencia cardíaca mayor a 120 latidos por minuto, frecuencia respiratoria mayor a 24 por minuto, tensión arterial sistólica menor a 90 mm Hg, presencia de 3 o más valores de laboratorio alterados al ingreso, presencia de foco clínico y hemocultivos positivos. En el análisis multivariado de regresión logística mantuvieron asociación independiente con mayor riesgo de eventos graves: hipotensión arterial sistólica (OR=7, p<0.01), comorbilidades (OR=8.5, p=0.02), taquipnea (OR=2.8, p=0.01), y presencia de foco clínico (OR=2.1, p=0.03)


Patients with neutropenia and fever conform a heterogeneouspopulation with a variable risk of serious complications and mortality. The goal of this study was to identifyprognostic risk factors present at the beginning of the episode, for adverse events and serious complications inpatients admitted in a general ward with fever and neutropenia. A cohort of 238 episodes with neutropenia andfever (neutrophils <1000/mm3 and T>38.3 °C) in 167 patients admitted to our general hospital between 1997and 2004 was followed. Eighty two percent of the patients had hematologic malignancies, 14% solid tumors and4% were not associated with chemotherapy. Sixty seven adverse events were registered (46% renal insufficiency, 27% refractory hypotension, 15% respiratory insufficiency and 12% major bleeding). Significant differences werefound in presence of current co-morbidities, body temperature >39 °C, heart rate >120 beats per minute, respiratory rate >24 per minute, systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg, presence of 3 or more altered laboratory values, presenceof a clinical site of infection and positive blood cultures. The logistic regression multivariate analysis showedthat the following characteristics were independently associated with adverse events: systolic blood pressure<90 mm Hg (OR=7, p<0.01), current co-morbidities (OR=8.5, p=0.02), respiratory rate >24 per minute (OR=2.8, p=0.01), and the presence of a clinical site of infection (OR=2.1, p=0.03). The presence of systolic hypotension, high respiratory rate, current co-morbidities and a clinical site of infection at the time of admission were identified predictors of subsequent serious complications in patients admitted with fever and neutropenia in a general ward


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Fever/complications , Inpatients , Neutropenia/complications , Patient Admission , Acute Kidney Injury , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Comorbidity , Cancer Care Facilities/statistics & numerical data , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Epidemiologic Methods , Fever/chemically induced , Fever/diagnosis , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Hypotension/diagnosis , Hypotension/etiology , Neutropenia/chemically induced , Neutropenia/diagnosis , Prognosis , Radiography, Thoracic , Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors
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