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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(5): 658-659, Sept-Oct/2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-691409

ABSTRACT

Although cryptococcal infections begin in the lungs, meningoencephalitis is the most frequently encountered manifestation of cryptococcosis among individuals with advanced immunosuppression. As the infection progresses along the Virchow-Robin spaces, these structures may become dilated with mucoid material produced by the capsule of the organism. We report a case of a 24-year-old man with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in which magnetic resonance imaging showed clusters of gelatinous pseudocysts in the periventricular white matter, basal ganglia, mammillary bodies, midbrain peduncles and nucleus dentatus with a soap bubble appearance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Cryptococcosis/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Meningoencephalitis/diagnosis , Artifacts , Meningoencephalitis/microbiology
2.
J. bras. neurocir ; 23(3): 242-245, 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-676793

ABSTRACT

Espasmos faciais constituem afecção rara, caracterizada por contrações assimétricas, involuntárias e paroxísticas da musculatura facial. Frequentemente são de acometimento unilateral e levam a situação desconfortável e prejudicial à qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Na maioria das vezes, o quadro inicia-se gradualmente no músculo orbicular dos olhos, seguindo-se por acometimento do andar inferior da face ipsilateralmente. Os espasmos são causados por compressão vascular, mais comumente provocada pela presença da artéria cerebelosa póstero-inferior (PICA) ou da artéria cerebelosa antero-inferior (AICA) (sendo mais raro o envolvimento da artéria vertebral) sobre a raiz do nervo facial, na REZ (Root Entry Zone). Injeção de toxina botulínica no músculo facial envolvido é uma opção terapêutica medicamentosa, no entanto possui benefícios transitórios ao longo da terapia. A descompressão microvascular é um tratamento efetivo, com baixas taxas de complicação. Descreve-se o caso de um paciente de 65 anos portador de contrações involuntárias e esporádicas da musculatura orbicular do olho esquerdo de caráter insidioso e progressivo. Optou-se por microcirurgia descompressiva com interposição de teflon entre artéria vertebral esquerda e o nervo facial na fossa posterior, com significativa melhora clínica, e regressão progressiva dos espasmos até sua completa remissão.


Facial spasm is a rare disease characterized by asymmetriccontractions and involuntary paroxysmal activity offacial muscles. It is often unilateral disease and leadsto an uncomfortable and injurious situation that affectspatients’ quality of life. Most often, it begins gradually inthe orbicularis oculi muscle, followed by involvement of theipsilateral inferior face . The spasms are usually causedby PICA and AICA vascular compression (vertebral arterycompression is more rare) of the facial nerve root, in itsentry zone. Botulinum toxin injection in the involved facialmuscle is a treatment option, however has transient benefitsduring the therapy. Microvascular decompression is aneffective treatment, with low complication rates. We reporta case of a 65-year-old patient with sporadic involuntarycontractions of left orbicular muscle , with an insidious andprogressive character. Microsurgical decompression withTeflon interposition between the left vertebral artery and thefacial nerve in the posterior fossa was performed. There wasa significant clinical improvement, with progressive decreaseof the spasms until complete remission.


Subject(s)
Aged , Decompression , Facial Nerve , Hemifacial Spasm , Vertebral Artery
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