Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in Kaduna, Nigeria

Introduction: A common practice in the management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the empirical use of antibiotics may contribute to treatment failure and to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Objective: To determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria associated with CRS. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which endoscopically guided middlemeatal swabs (IBMSpss, version 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA) were aseptically taken from patients diagnosed with CRS after obtaining informed consent and ethical clearance. The samples were sent to the laboratory for qualitative and semiquantitative analysis via gram stain, aerobic, anaerobic cultures and antibacterial sensitivity tests. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Simple statistical parameters and paired sample t-test were used, as appropriate. Results: There were 74 (56.92%) bacterial growths, out of which 55 (74.32%) were aerobic and 19 (25.68%) were anaerobic isolates, from a total of 130 patients. About 13 (17.5%- 18%) of these bacterial growths yielded a mixed growth of aerobic and anaerobic isolates. Themost common bacterial isolates were 26 (35.14%) Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae 9 (12.16%), Streptococcus viridians 8 (10.81%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae 5 (6.76%). Augmentin, ciprofloxacin, and Peflacine were found to bemost effective, followed by levofloxacin, Rocephin, erythromycin and Zinat in that order (AU)

Comparative Analysis of Serum Zinc and Vitamin A in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Healthy Individuals.

Background: Deficiency of micro nutrients and trace elements has been associated with Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). There is however a paucity of studies demonstrating this association in the West African sub-region. Aim: To determine the serum level of zinc, vitamin A and nutritional status of HNSCC patients at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methods: This was a case-control study of 65 consecutive patients with histological diagnosis of HNSCC. The controls were 65 healthy volunteers similar in age, sex and socioeconomic status. The participants’ height, weight, mid upper arm and waist circumference were measured and, serum Zinc and Vitamin A (Retinol) levels were assayed. The data from cases were analysed and compared with the controls using statistical package for social sciences version 15 software. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean ages of cases and controls were 50.9±15.2 years and 49.49±16.35 years respectively. The commonest sites of HNSCC were the Nasopharynx and Sinonasal regions. Fifty five (84.6%) HNSCC patients presented with advanced form of the disease (stage III and IV). The mean body mass index of cases and controls was 22.66±4.70 and 23.14±3.8 respectively (p=0.524). The mean serum zinc level of the controls (113.63±6.04) was significantly higher than the cases (89.84±14.27) (p=0.000). The mean serum vitamin A (retinol) level of the controls (77.74 µg/dl±2.82) was significantly higher than the cases (61.34±5.89) (p=0.000). Conclusion: There are more Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma patients with malnutrition than the healthy population. Although no abnormality of serum zinc and retinol was found in both groups, there is a trend of lower levels of these nutrients in the patients than healthy individuals.

Prevalence and Trend of Geriatric Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of otorhinolaryngologic diseases and the trend in the elderly people at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, between July 2001 and June 2015. Methodology: The clinical records of 421 elderly patients [202 (48%) males; 219 (52%) females; age range 65 – 103 years] with ear, nose, throat, head and neck symptoms were reviewed for all essential data which included demographics (age and sex) and clinical diagnoses. These were categorised into otologic, rhinologic, pharyngolaryngeal and face & neck cases. The results were presented in tabular forms and descriptive analysis performed. Results: The geriatrics otorhinolaryngologic cases constituted 4.1% of all the total new cases of otorhinolaryngologic diseases managed during the study period. Otorhinolaryngologic diagnoses made included otologic, rhinologic, pharyngolaryngeal and face & neck cases in 282 (67.0%), 64 (15.2%), 62 (14.7%), and 13 (3.1%) respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence and trend of geriatric otorhinolaryngologic diseases in Nigeria have not really changed despite the increase in life expectancy. Policy makers on health should be aware of this information and use it in planning health care programme for the elderly persons in Nigeria.

An Audit of Ear; Nose and Throat diseases in a Tertiary Health Institution in South-western Nigeria

Introduction: This study is aimed at determining the pattern of ear; nose and throat diseases and their relationship with socio-demographic factors with auditing intent in a tertiary hospital in South-western Nigeria. Methods: Medical records of patients managed at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology; University College Hospital; Ibadan; Nigeria from 2006 to 2010 were reviewed for all essential clinical data. Results: There were 2641 (52.8) males and 2360 (47.2) females. Two thousand and fifty (41) patients had age .15years old. Sixty three percent of the patients were Christians; 37 were Muslims and less than 1had other religions. There were more patients in lower occupational classes than those in the upper classes. The average number of patients with ear; nose and throat diseases managed per month was eighty three. Patients with ear diseases were 3136 (62.7); the nose diseases were 1153 (23.0); the throat diseases were 479 (9.6) and head/neck diseases were 233 (4.7). Conclusion: This study showed that otitis media; obstructive adenoid; foreign bodies in the ear and throat infections were the common ear; nose; throat disorders seen in patients aged .15years whereas; hearing loss; rhinosinusitis and tumors were the common disorders of ear; nose and throat seen in patients aged 16 years and above. Although these disorders are not yet considered to be of public health importance; they contribute significantly to the existing burden of health problems in our environment. Therefore; there is a need for improved public awareness on ear; nose and throat diseases respectively). Forty (30.8