ABSTRACT
Shigella remain a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including China. In response, national and international researchers are actively working to develop vaccines that will be effective against dysentery and diarrhea caused by shigella dysentariae. With the growing recognition of the problems associated with sustained vaccine acceptance and usage, researchers and policy makers recognize the importance of conducting theory-based qualitative research to inform vaccine development program efforts. Accordingly we undertook this qualitative study involving 81 residents of one of China's rural communities with high rates of dysentery. The semi-structured interviews suggest that a Western model of behavioral change offered a useful research construct. Consistent with the model is the community's strong perception of 'response efficacy' of vaccines, particularly in comparison with water and sanitation and disease treatment. Residents were eager to vaccinate their children despite variable perception of disease severity, while they were less consistent in their interest in vaccinating adults; this enthusiasm for vaccinating children was attributed to China's 'one child per couple' policy. Intervention implications are discussed.