relationship between HLA-DR and prostate cancer

To determine the etiologie relationship between HLA class II [DR] and cancer prostate and its pattern on B lymphocytes of patients with prostate cancer patients and normal individuals by using INNO-LiPA technique. Thirty patients having cancer prostate were included whatever the age of patients, grade or stage of the disease and before any medical or surgical intervention and 60 normal persons. All the patients passed within the planned program such as complete history taking with clinical examination including digital rectal examination [DRE]. Laboratory investigations as complete blood picture, hepatic and renal function tests, serum prostatic specific antigen [PSA] and HLA typing for prostate cancer patients and healthy controls. Imaging tests as chest X-ray, abdomino-pelvic ultrasound and transrectal ultrasound [TRUS]. Histopathological examination of prostatic biopsy guided by TRUS. Our results revealed that the antigen of HLA-DRB4 was found in 10 patients [33.3%] with a relative risk of 1.4. X[2] of 0.16 and p value of 0.053 compared to [26.7%] of control group which is statistically significant. The antigen HLA-DRB-0406 was found in 4 patients [13.3%] with relative risk of 4.9, X[2] of 4.6 and p value of 0.044 compared to 3% of control group which is statistically significant. The antigen HLA-DRB1-0410 was found in I patients [6.7%] with a relative risk of 3.5, of 5.97 and p value of 0.043 compared to 2% of control group which is statistically significant. The antigen HLA-DRB 1405 was found in 2 patients [6.7%] with a relative risk of 2.7. X[2] of 5.03 and p value of 0.041 compared to 2.7% of control group which is statistically significant. HLA typing showed that HLA-DR alleles frequency in prostate cancer patients compared with normal persons is high. Beside its role as a risk factor for acquiring the disease, it could be used as a marker for early detection, to determine the biological behavior and activity of the tumor, prognostic marker and in choice of the appropriate line of treatment

role of free to total prostate specific antigen [PSA] and PSA density in improving the specificty of prostate cancer screening

The diagnostic value of serum prostate specific antigen [PSA] is limited by its lack of specificity. Measurement of the free to total PSA ratio [f/t PSA] and determination of PSA density [PSAD] has been used to improve the diagnostic accuracy of PSA. A total of 122 patients above the age of 50 years with a total serum PSA ranging between 4.1 - 10.0 ng/ml were screened for prostate cancer detection. All patients were subjected to total and free serum PSA concentrations with calculation of the f/t PSA ratio, digital rectal examination [DRE], transrectal ultrasound [TRUS], determination of PSAD and TURS- guided prostatic biopsy. Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 38 patients [31.15%] while benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] was confirmed in 84 patients [68.85%]. Mean f/t PSA ratio was significantly lower in patients with prostate cancer compared to those wih BPH [12.89 versus 23.18, p = 0.001]. At f/t PSA cutoff point of