ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determinate the local epidemiology of urinary tract infections in the university hospital of Monastir and to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of most incriminated Enterobacteriaceae strains since 2002 to 2005. Identification of strains was based on conventional bacteriological features. Susceptibility to antibiotics was studied according to the Antibiogram Committee of the French Microbiology Society recommendations. In total, 8505 Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated including Escherichia coli [76%] followed by Klebsiella spp. [10.5%] and Proteus mirabilis [4%]. For E. coli and P. mirabilis, resistances rates were respectively 61% and 71% to amoxicillin, 46.4% and 45.5% to the combination amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and 39.6% and 26% to cotrimoxazole. Strains of Klebsiella spp. were resistant to cefotaxim and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid in respectively 42% and 20% of cases. Finally, from 2002 to 2005, a significant increase in Enterobacteriaceae resistance was observed for ofloxacin, from 11.9% to 17.6% and ciprofloxacin, from 9.1% to 14.5%. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance justifies that empiric treatment of urinary tract infections should be revised regularly