ABSTRACT
Two experiments were carried out with Nile tilapia [O. niloticus] fingerlings. The first experiment was designed to evaluate the influence of seven levels of dietary D-glucose [0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24%] on the performance, digestibility and metabolic parameter of O. niloticus fingerlings of 19.99 g +/- 0.21. The second experiment included four-carbohydrate source glucose, maltose, sucrose and starch for O. niloticus fingerlings of 20.08 g +/- 0.59 to study its effect on the performance, digestibility and metabolic parameter. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of O. niloticus for eight weeks. The study concluded that D-glucose could be added in diets up to 16% without negative effects on the performance and digestibility and starch considered a suitable source of carbohydrate for O. niloticus
Subject(s)
Animals , Dietary Supplements , Dietary Carbohydrates , MetabolismABSTRACT
An experiment was designed to find out the effect of the replacement of essential amino acids by non-essential amino acids as energy source at seven ratios [45%: 55% as a control, 50%: 50%, 40%: 60%, 35%: 65%, 30%: 70%, 25%: 75% and 20%: 80%, essential amino acid: non-essential amino acid,] respectively. The higher significant [P = 0.05] values of average final live body weight, average daily body gain, specific growth rate were observed for Nile tilapia fry fed diets containing ratios [50: 50], [45: 55] and [40: 60] [essential: non-essential amino acids] than the other treatments. Nile tilapia fry fed the diet containing ratios of [50: 50], [45: 55] and [40: 60] [essential: non-essential amino acids] had the better-feed conversion ratio than other treatments. Protein efficiency ratio and nitrogen retention among different experiments decreased significantly [P = 0.05] with increasing dietary ratio of non-essential amino acids. This effect was moderate when 60% of dietary protein was substituted by non-essential amino acids, while ratio over than 65%, the values were further reduced. Carcass crude protein was significantly [P < 0.05] lowest when fish fed diet containing more than 60% non-essential amino acid. Carcass lipid content and gross energy content followed the opposite tendency. Depending on the present data it is of interest to point out that, the dietary crude protein requirement for tilapia can be reduced to the range of 12.2 - 15.7% when appropriate energy source that have metabolizable energy values equivalent to protein are used [for example, non-essential amino acids] to substitute dietary protein to levels of 30%, with metabolized energy density of 13.71 MJ and had a P/E ratio [CP/ME] of 22.40 g./MJ. The data confirmed that substitution of dietary protein nitrogen by non-essential amino acids should not be of the total dietary amino acid requirement