ABSTRACT
Background: We describe the pattern of nocturnal enuresis among school–age children in South-eastern Nigerian. Methods: A total sample size of 245 pupils was selected for the purpose of this study with age between 6 and 12 years. The Stratified method of sampling was employed to get a sample that represents the population. Selection of the two schools was done based on the cooperation and readiness of the management and parent/guardian to participate in the research. Results: Two hundred and forty five children were enrolled for the study with 151 male (61.6%) while the female children are 94 (38.4%).The prevalence of enuresis was noted to be 22.8%.The prevalence is higher in males (60%) than 39% in females (P value <0.05) with higher incidence in lower socioeconomic background and in children with positive family history of bedwetting in the first degree relative though not significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in our setting is 22.8%, which is higher than that obtained in various studies elsewhere in the world with a male preponderance. There were strong association between the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and socioeconomic background.
ABSTRACT
Background: Complex congenital cardiac abnormalities are rare among children and contribute to mortality and morbidity. The prevalence and pattern of presentation vary from lace to place.Materials and Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical profile and pattern of presentation of complex congenital cardiac malformations among children attending a tertiary hospital in Enugu State. A cross-sectional retrospective study in which a review of the records of children who attended the children outpatient clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH); Ituku-Ozalla; Enugu State over a 5-year period (January 2007-June 2012) was undertaken. Results: Thirty one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five (31;795) children attended the outpatient clinic of the hospital over the study period; of these; 65 had cardiac diseases; from which 16 were found to have congenital complex cardiac abnormalities of various types; giving a prevalence of 0.05. Complex abnormalities seen in these children are Tricuspid atresia with various associations; cor triatriatum; single ventricle; and large ASD (atrio-septal defect) with complete AVCD; cor triatriatum sinistrum with cardiomyopathy; DORV (double outlet right ventricle) with left sided aorta; hypoplastic tricuspid valve with a PDA (patent ductus artriosus); TOF (tetralogy of fallot); prolapse of aortic valve; and pulmonary regurgitation. One of these complex cardiac anomalies presented with Turner's syndrome and another with VACTERAL association. Conclusions:The results of this study show that 0.05 of children who presented at cardiology clinic of a teaching hospital in Enugu State had congenital complex cardiac abnormalities and that the commonest forms seen were those with cor triatriatum and TOF