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1.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 45(4): 1439-1448, Oct.-Dec. 2014. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741298

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori is increasingly important due to resistance to the most used antimicrobials agents. Only agar dilution method is approved by CLSI, but it is difficult to perform routinely. We evaluated the reliability of E-test and disk diffusion comparing to agar dilution method on Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Susceptibility testing was performed for amoxicillin, clarithromycin, furazolidone, metronidazole and tetracycline using E-test, disk-diffusion and agar dilution method in 77 consecutive Helicobacter pylori strains from dyspeptic children and adolescents. Resistance rates were: amoxicillin - 10.4%, 9% and 68.8%; clarithromycin - 19.5%, 20.8%, 36.3%; metronidazole - 40.2%33.7%, 38.9%, respectively by agar dilution, E-test and disk diffusion method. Furazolidone and tetracycline showed no resistance rates. Metronidazole presented strong correlation to E-test (r = 0.7992, p < 0.0001) and disk diffusion method (r=-0.6962, p < 0.0001). Clarithromycin presented moderate correlation to E-test (r = 0.6369, p < 0.0001) and disk diffusion method (r=-0.5656, p < 0.0001). Amoxicillin presented weak correlation to E-test (r = 0.3565, p = 0.0015) and disk diffusion (r=-0.3565, p = 0.0015). Tetracycline presented weak correlation with E-test (r = 0.2346, p = 0.04) and furazolidone to disk diffusion (r=-0.0288, p = 0.8038). E-test presented better agreement with gold standard. It is an easy and reliable method for Helicobacter pylori susceptibility testing. Disk diffusion method presented high disagreement and high rates of major errors.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Helicobacter pylori/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Brazil , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification
2.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 29(1): 4-8, jan.-mar. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-571922

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre a infecção por helicobacter pylori e a presença de giardia intestinalis, diagnosticada através do teste de impressão da mucosa duodenal em pacientes com dor abdominal. Material e métodos: foram avaliados prospectivamente 33 pacientes consecutivos com queixa de dor abdominal e que realizaram exame parasitológico de fezes; durante a endoscopia digestiva alta foram coletadas biópsias de duodeno para o teste de impressão e análise microscópica, e de mucosa do antro para pesquisa do H. pylori (teste rápido da urease e histologia). Resultados: o teste da impressão da mucosa duodenal foi positiva para giardia intestinalis em 9/33 pacientes (27,2%) e o H. pylori foi detectado em 21/33 (63,6%) pacientes, sendo 4/9 (44,4%) entre os pacientes infestados e 17/24 (70,8%) entre os não infestados por Giardia intestinalis. O exame parasitológico de fezes foi positivo em apenas 1/9 (11%) pacientes com o teste de impressão positivo; outros 3 pacientes apresentaram: ascaris lumbricoides, entamoeba coli e endolimax nana e a biópsia duodenal para giardia intestinalis foi positiva em 3/8 (37,5%). Conclusão: nossos resultados sugerem que não há associação entre parasitoses e infecção por Helicobacter pylori, sendo o teste de impressão da mucosa duodenal útil no diagnóstico da infestação por Giardia intestinalis durante investigação de pacientes com sintomas dispépticos submetidos à endoscopia digestiva. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos com maior amostragem.


Objective: to evaluate the relationship between helicobacter pylori infection and giardia intestinalis infestation, diagnosed by duodenal imprint test, in patients with abdominal pain. Material and methods: thirty three consecutive patients were prospectively evaluated by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and stool examination for ova and parasites. Duodenal biopsy was collected for imprint test and histological examination. H. pylori was diagnosed by histological examination of gastric antrum and rapid urease test. Results: duodenal imprint test was positive for giardia intestinalis in 9/33 patients (27.2%) and H. ylori was detected in 21/33 (63.6%) patients, 4/9 (44.4%) giardia intestinalis positive patients and 17/24 (70.8%) giardia intestinalis negative patients. Stool examination was positive in 1/9 (11%) patient with a positive duodenal imprint test, and another 3 patients presented ascaris lumbricoides, entamoeba coli e endolimax nana. Duodenal histology was positive for giardia intestinalis in 3/8 (37,5%). Conclusion: our results suggested that there is no association between giardiasis and Helicobacter pylori infection. Duodenal imprint test was useful to diagnose giardia intestinalis infestation in dyspeptic patients evaluated by esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Nevertheless, more studies with greater sampling are necessary.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Biopsy , Abdominal Pain , Child Health , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter Infections , Giardiasis , Giardia lamblia , Adolescent Health , Endoscopy, Digestive System
3.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 45(2): 147-151, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-485939

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Decreasing prevalence of H pylori infection has been reported in some countries. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in a 10-year period in children submitted to upper digestive endoscopy. METHODS: It was a retrospective observational study. The records of 1,165 endoscopies performed during a 10-year period in a public hospital of the City of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in patients up to 18-year-old. Only the first endoscopy was considered. Helicobacter pylori infection was defined by the rapid urease test, performed with one fragment of antral mucosa. Chi-square for trend has been estimated to compare Helicobacter pylori prevalence across the period. RESULTS: The main indication for endoscopy was epigastric pain (47.4 percent). There were 392 patients with H pylori infection (33.6 percent), 12.8 percent being infants, 19.4 percent toddlers, 28.8 percent schoolchildren and 46.3 percent adolescents. Prevalence was 60.47 percent in the first year of the study and 30.43 percent in the last. Among the less than 6-year-old patients there was a decrease in infection prevalence from 25 percent for the 1993-6 period to 14.3 percent in the 2000-02 period, while among the over 12-year-old patients the decrease was from 55.5 percent in the first period to 39.6 percent in the latter. The decrease in H pylori infection prevalence was more intense within patients with epigastric pain, in which prevalence has decreased from 48.2 percent (92/191) in 1993-6, to 41.9 percent (65/155) in 1997-9 and 27.7 percent (57/206) in 2000-02. CONCLUSION: The study suggests a significant decrease in the prevalence of H pylori infection regarding the studied patients. The trend was mainly observed in the younger age group and in patients with epigastric pain.


RACIONAL: Redução da prevalência de infecção por Helicobacter pylori tem sido relatada em alguns países. OBJETIVO: Avaliar, em crianças, a prevalência de infecção por H pylori em um período de 10 anos, realizando endoscopia digestiva alta. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo observacional. Os relatórios de 1.165 endoscopias digestivas altas realizadas em 10 anos em um hospital público da cidade de São Paulo, SP, foram revisados, sendo incluídas as primeiras endoscopias de pacientes com idade inferior a 18 anos. A infecção por H pylori foi definida pelo teste rápido da urease, com um fragmento de mucosa antral. RESULTADOS: A principal indicação de endoscopia foi dor epigástrica (47,4 por cento). A prevalência de infecção foi 33,6 por cento (12,8 por cento em lactentes, 19,4 por cento em pré-escolares, 28,8 por cento em escolares e 46,3 por cento em adolescentes). No primeiro ano de estudo foi 60,47 por cento, e 30,43 por cento no último. Entre os pacientes menores de 6 anos, houve diminuição na prevalência de 25 por cento (1993-6) para 14.3 por cento (2000-02), enquanto entre os pacientes maiores de 12 anos a diminuição foi de 55,5 por cento (1993-6) para 39,6 por cento (2000-02). A diminuição da prevalência foi significativa nos pacientes com dor epigástrica, nos quais passou de 48,2 por cento (92/191) em 1993-6, para 41,9 por cento (65/155) em 1997-9 e 27,7 por cento (57/206) em 2000-02. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo sugere que houve diminuição significativa na prevalência da infecção por H pylori nos pacientes estudados. A tendência foi principalmente observada no grupo etário mais jovem e nos pacientes com dor epigástrica.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Young Adult , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Gastroscopy , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
4.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 38(3): 203-206, jul.-set. 2001.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-317318

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection presents high prevalence in developing countries, but there are few pediatric assays evaluating antimicrobial treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate Helicobacter pylori eradication rate using a short regimen (7 and 10 days) of triple therapy with clarithromycin, amoxicillin and omeprazole. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five Hp positive patients who presented severe epigastralgia, were submitted to antimicrobial treatment with amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day--maximum dose 1 g bid), clarithromycin (30 mg/kg/day--maximum dose 500 mg bid) and omeprazole (0.6 mg/kg/day--maximum dose 20 mg bid) during 7 or 10 days. After 2 months, clinical symptoms were evaluated and gastric biopsies were taken to test Hp eradication. RESULTS: Overall eradication rate was achieved in 16/25 patients (64%--IC(95% = 45-83%), in 11/15 (73%--IC(95%) = 51-95%) patients who used 10 days therapy course and in 5/10 (50%--IC(95%) = 19-81%) who used 7 days therapy course. Eradication drugs were well accepted and adverse effects were reported in two patients (8%). CONCLUSIONS: This triple therapy regimen had moderate efficacy (64%). The data suggests that 10 days therapy course achieves better eradication rate (73%) than 7 days course (50%) to treat Hp infection in our population


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Amoxicillin , Clarithromycin , Helicobacter Infections , Helicobacter pylori , Omeprazole , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Ulcer Agents , Drug Therapy, Combination , Gastritis , Penicillins , Peptic Ulcer , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
5.
São Paulo med. j ; 119(2): 67-71, Mar. 2001. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-282392

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Multiple diagnostic methods are available for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection, but at present no single one can be used as the gold standard. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3 invasive and 2 non-invasive methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in symptomatic children and adolescents. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study SETTING: Peptic Disease outpatients service, Discipline of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo / Escola Paulista de Medicina. PATIENTS: Forty-seven patients who underwent endoscopy because of dyspeptic symptoms. DIAGNOSTIC METHODS: Endoscopy with gastric biopsies for 3 invasive (rapid urease test, histology and culture) and 2 non-invasive methods (a commercial ELISA serology and 13carbon urea breath test - isotope ratio mass spectrometry) for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of each method and agreement and disagreement rates between the methods. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients [mean age, 11y9mo (SD 2y10mo), 27 female and 20 male]; 62 percent of them were Helicobacter pylori-positive. All methods agreed in 61 percent, and were negative in 21 percent and positive in 40 percent. The greatest concordance between 2 methods occurred between the invasive methods: histology and rapid urease test (89.6 percent) and histology and culture (87.5 percent). The greatest sensitivity, considering Helicobacter pylori-positive cases, for any combination of 3 or more tests, was achieved by the rapid urease test (S=100 percent), followed by histology, serology and 13carbon-urea breath test (S=93.1 percent) and lastly by culture (S=79.3 percent). The highest specificity was obtained by histology (100 percent) and culture (100 percent), followed by the rapid urease test (84.2 percent), serology (78.9 percent) and 13carbon-urea breath test (78.9 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that among invasive methods, an association between the rapid urease test and histology constituted the best choice for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. If results of histology and the rapid urease test are different, serology may be recommended


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Urease/analysis , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Urea/analysis , Breath Tests/methods , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Helicobacter pylori/immunology , Helicobacter Infections/pathology , Sensitivity and Specificity
6.
Folha méd ; 117(2): 165-70, set.-out. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-258177

ABSTRACT

Foi realizado ensaio terapêutico aberto, não controlado, prospectivo e consecutivo em 49 crianças e adolescentes de 1 a 1 m 17 a 3m (mediana= 7 a 8m) de ambos os sexos com esofagite de refluxo. Administrou-se ranitidina (4mg/kg) em 2 doses durante 8 semanas, associada à terapia postural e dietética. Após o diagnostico endoscópico de esofagite, os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente antes e durante o tratamento: após 8, 15, 30 e 60 dias. Endoscopia de controle foi realizada após 60 dias. Do total de 49 pacientes, 40 completaram o estudo. A eficácia foi avaliada através da evolução clinica e dos achados endoscópicos. Helicobacter pylori foi detectado em 40 por cento dos pacientes. Houve regressão total ou parcial dos sintomas em 96 por cento dos pacientes e melhora ou cura endoscópica em 81,5 por cento; porém levando-se em consideração o grau de esofagite, o tratamento foi eficaz em 86 por cento da esofagite grau I comparados a 43 por cento da esofagite grau II. Na esofagite grau II, recomendamos a ranitidina por período de tempo mais prolongado (12 semanas). O controle endoscópico deve ser sempre realizado na esofagite grau II e III, uma vez que a remissão dos sintomas não corresponde a cura endoscópica. Do total de 38 pacientes, 50 por cento foram considerados curados, 45 por cento melhorados e 5 por cneto inalterados. Considerando que a esofagite grau I predomina na criança, a ranitidina pode ser utilizada na grande maioria dos pacientes pediátricos com esofagite de refluxo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Esophagitis, Peptic/drug therapy , Histamine H2 Antagonists/therapeutic use , Ranitidine/therapeutic use , Endoscopy , Esophagitis, Peptic/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
7.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 35(2): 138-42, abr.-jun. 1998.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-217984

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliadas prospectivamente 27 crianças portadoras de gastrite crônica de antro associada ao Helicobacter pylori, sem a presença concomitante de outras lesoes pépticas, com o intuito de estabelecer correlaçao entre a sintomatologia dispéptica e a infecçao. Helicobacter pylori foi detectado através da positividade do teste rápido da urease e da histologia com coloraçao hematoxilina-eosina e Giensa. Exame endoscópico demonstrou nodularidades na regiao antral em 20/27 (74 por cento) e enantema na mucosa do antro em seis casos (23 por cento). Ao exame histológico, gastrite crônica superficial ativa foi observada em 26 casos (96 por cento). Foram tratadas 27 crianças com esquema antimicrobiano e destas, oito (30 por cento) tiveram erradicaçao bacteriana, normalizaçao do aspecto de nodularidade antral em seis e remissao dos sintomas dispépticos em quatro. Entre os 19 pacientes nao erradicados, oito (42 por cento) tornaram-se assintomáticos e 11 (58 por cento) mantiveram os sintomas. A análise comparativa nao demonstrou diferença significante (P>0,05) entre a remissao de sintomas nos dois grupos. Concluímos que a nodularidade da regiao antral foi a apresentaçao endoscópica mais comum, nao podendo estabelecer correlaçao entre os sintomas dispépticos e a infecçao por Helicobacter pylori.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Gastritis/microbiology , Helicobacter Infections , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification , Antacids/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bismuth/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Gastritis/drug therapy , Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy , Nitroimidazoles/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Proton Pumps/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyloric Antrum/pathology
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