The Prevalence of Gynaecological Diseases at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital; Orlu; Nigeria

Background:Gynaecological diseases and their sequelae are common causes of hospital consultation by young girls and adult women alike worldwide. If not properly and adequately managed; these diseases can result in increased morbidity and mortality.Aim: To determine the prevalence of gynaecological diseases at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital; Orlu. Methods: A four and half-year retrospective study from June 2004 to December 2008 was undertaken. The records of all patients with gynaecological disorders seen at the gynaecological and emergency departments of Imo State University Teaching Hospital; Orlu were reviewed.Results: There were 1293 gynaecological cases seen during the period under review.The commonest gynaecological conditions seen were infertility/subfertility (33.7); uterine leiomyoma (15.4) and abortion and its complications (14.7). Cervical cancer (1.9) was the commonest gynaecological malignancy seen. Conclusion:The study showed that infertility is still the commonest reason for seeking gynaecological consultation in our environment

The Influence of Sexual Attitudes on Genital Human Papilloma Virus Infection

Background: Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is causally associated with cervical cancer. Many studies have tried to show some kind of association between age; marital factors; educational level and sexual behaviour with the risk of developing HPV and cervical cancer. Such socio-demographic factors may be useful in risk scoring. Aims: This study examined the association between sexual attitudes and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the cervix aimed at helping in the development of an effective risk scoring system for cervical cancer screening. Methods: The subjects were 450 randomly selected sexually active women attending the antenatal; postnatal; gynaecology and family planning clinics in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital; Nigeria between April 1; 2001 and May 31; 2002. Pap smears of these patients were examined microscopically for evidence of HPV infection. A questionnaire assessing various sexual characteristics of the patients were administered. Results: Abnormal smears occurred in 245 (54.5) of the patients screened. Forty-eight women (10.7) had HPV associated changes constituting 19.6of all abnormal smears. Their ages ranged between 15 and 64 years; with a mean of 26.3 years. There was a statistically significant association between multiple sexual partners; coital frequency per week and the occurrence of genital HPV infection. Conclusion: Women with multiple sexual partners and frequent coitus are at increased risk of acquiring HPV infection of the cervix and should be the target in a sporadic or an organized cervical cancer screening programme without discriminating against other sexually active women

The Use of Cervical Smear in the Diagnosis of Genital Tract Infections at a University Teaching Hospital

Background: Genital tract infections such as Gardnerella vaginalis vaginosis; trichomoniasis and candidiasis have continued to assume immense importance because of the particular unique features of their main causative organisms - Gardnerella vaginalis; Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans; and myriads of clinical and pathological changes in affected persons. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis; Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis in randomly selected sexually active women and the influence of some socioeconomic and demographic factors on the prevalence of these genital infections. Methods: The subjects were 450 randomly selected sexually active women attending antenatal; postnatal; gynaecology and family planning clinics in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital from April 2001 to May 2002. The Pap smear of these patients were examined microscopically for evidence of Candida albicans; Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis. A questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics of the patients were administered. Results: Sixty six (66) of the 450 patients studied had specific infections giving a prevalence rate of 14.7. Candida albicans; Gardnerella vaginalis; Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans in conjunction with gardnerella vaginalis contributed 7.1; 5.1; 2.4and 1.8respectively to this overall prevalence. Age range of 15-20 years had the highest prevalence of each of the infections; but this association with age was not statistically significant (P0.05). The prevalence of each of the infections was highest among students and was lowest among housewives and business executives. These differences were statistically significant (P = 0.034). The prevalence of these genital infections increased with increasing educational level; being lowest among those with no formal and primary education and highest in the patients with post-secondary educational qualifications. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.034; c2 for linear trend = 0.90). About 36.5) of the married women tested had evidence of genital infections compared to 41.6of the women who were not currently married; this difference was not statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion: This study has shown that cervical cytology is of definite value in the diagnosis of some genital tract infections especially in low resource setting