Plasmid and Restriction Endonuclease Analyses of Bacteria Associated with Pneumonia in HIV/AIDS Patients in Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Bacterial infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus. The emergence of multiple-drug resistant bacteria has been documented by many researches. This study was therefore carried out to determine whether the resistances of bacterial isolates from HIV positive and HIV negative patients are plasmid mediated or chromosomal mediated. The Plasmid, Post Plasmid-curing Sensitivity and Restriction enzymes endonuclease were done using standard methods. The result of plasmid analysis showed that Plasmid-mediated resistance was observed in both populations and the molecular weight of the plasmid DNA was 1000 base pairs. Plasmid mediated resistance was common, and this was observed in all isolates from HIV/AIDS patients with exceptions of P. aeruginosa in which the resistance was chromosomally mediated. Restriction endonuclease analysis from E. coli revealed 3 distinct clusters. The result of restriction enzymes analysis indicate that the pneumonia infection in HIV/AIDS patients is likely to be hospital acquired in the study location. The study also suggests a common source of infection of the patients.

Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection among pregnant women in Nigeria: prevalence and trend.

Pregnant women are at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to physiological changes that accompany pregnancy, such as congestion of the cervix, edema of the vaginal mucosa, and alterations in the vaginal flora. Syphilis and HIV are both transmitted sexually and so it is not surprise that a substantial number of people are infected with both agents. The rate of HIV and syphilis co-infection varies depending on the prevalence of both infections in the community or the patient group being studied, along with individual risk factors. 1913 apparently healthy pregnant women were recruited for the study after obtained their consent. Detection of HIV p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV1/2 was screened for using BIO-RAD in-vitro diagnostic enzyme immunoassay; syphilis was screen for using DIA-PRO in-vitro diagnostic Bio-probes enzyme immunoassay for the determination of antibodies to Treponema pallidum. Age group 26-30 had highest prevalence of HIV and VDRL in the study years, a decreasing trend was observed in the prevalence of HIV and syphilis infection within the study years. Seroprevalence of HIV and VDRL were 63(3.29%) and 03(0.16%) respectively. The prevalence of HIV and VDRL co-infection was 01(0.05%) observed in age group 26-30. This present study clearly documents a relatively declined in sero-prevalence of HIV and VDRL within the consecutive three years of study, this reflects the level of HIV and VDRL in the general population.