The Effects of Sleep Apnea and Variables on Cognitive Function and the Mediating Effect of Depression / 수면정신생리

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze causality among sleep apnea, depression and cognitive function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 105 patients with sleep apnea and snoring who underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG). We analyzed various biological data, sleep variables (sleep duration and percentage) and respiratory variables [arousal index (AI), periodic leg movement index (PLM index), snoring Index (SI), mean SpO2, minimum SpO2, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and respiratory disturbance index (RDI)]. We also analyzed various data by sleep, cognition, and mood related scales: Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), snoring index by scale (SIS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean (Moca-K), Mini-mental State Examination-Korean (MMSE-K), clinical dementia rating (CDR), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We analyzed causation among sleep, and respiratory, mood, and cognition related scales in obstructive sleep apnea patients. We analyzed the mediating effects of depression on sleep apnea patient cognition. RESULTS: As Duration N1 increased and Total sleep time (TST) decreased, MOCA-K showed negative causality (p < 0.01). As BDI and supine RDI increased, causality was negatively related to MOCA-K (p < 0.01). As PSQI (p < 0.001) and SIS (p < 0.01) increased and as MMSE-K (p < 0.01) decreased, causality was positively related to BDI. BDI was found to mediate the effect of age on MOCA-K in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. CONCLUSION: Duration N1, total sleep time, BDI, and supine RDI were associated with cognitive function in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Depression measured by BDI partially mediated cognitive decline in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Common Features of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Epileptic Disorder in Childhood and Early Adolescence / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: We conduct this study to investigate the common features between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and epileptic patients compared to normal control. METHODS: Epileptic patients were recruited from the department of pediatic in Jesus Hospital. ADHD patients were recruited from the department of neuropsychiatry in Jesus Hospital. We excluded mental retardation or brain organic pathology. We use ADHD Diagnostic System and Korean-Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) to assess features of ADHD. Electroencephalogram(EEG) of ADHD, epileptic patients and normal control were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Compared to normal control group, inattention, reaction time deviation were increased in both ADHD and epilepsy group. EEG abnormalities(control 13.8%, epilepsy 97.1%, ADHD 40%) in three groups were reported. CONCLUSION: There are common features of ADHD and epileptic patients.

The Reliability and Validity of Korean Version of Paruresis Check list (K-PCL) / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES : Paruresis (or Shy bladder syndrome) is characterized by the inability to urinate in the public lavatory. The Paruresis Checklist (PCL) is the only tool that screens for this disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean Version of the Paruresis Checklist (K-PCL), and to examine characterstics of this disorder. METHODS : 530 males were enrolled in this study. We administered the K-PCL, the Social Avoidant and Distress scale (SAD), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The Case group included individuals whos PCL score was > or =5. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the BAI and Korea-Social Avoidance and Distress (K-SAD) scores of each group using 2-way ANOVA and Scheffe methods. RESULTS : The K-PCL score ranged from 0 to 6, with a mean 0.75. The Cronbach alpha coefficients of the K-PCL were .72, SAD .74 and BAI .73. A total of 8 males (1.51%) were included in the case group. Comparison of the case and control groups showed a significant difference in BAI scores, but no significant difference in K-SAD scores. CONCLUSION : The K-PCL showed a significant reliability and validity for paruresis. However, our results were not consistent with the notion that paruresis is a special form of social phobia.

The Reliability and Validity of Korean Version of Paruresis Check list (K-PCL) / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES : Paruresis (or Shy bladder syndrome) is characterized by the inability to urinate in the public lavatory. The Paruresis Checklist (PCL) is the only tool that screens for this disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean Version of the Paruresis Checklist (K-PCL), and to examine characterstics of this disorder. METHODS : 530 males were enrolled in this study. We administered the K-PCL, the Social Avoidant and Distress scale (SAD), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The Case group included individuals whos PCL score was > or =5. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the BAI and Korea-Social Avoidance and Distress (K-SAD) scores of each group using 2-way ANOVA and Scheffe methods. RESULTS : The K-PCL score ranged from 0 to 6, with a mean 0.75. The Cronbach alpha coefficients of the K-PCL were .72, SAD .74 and BAI .73. A total of 8 males (1.51%) were included in the case group. Comparison of the case and control groups showed a significant difference in BAI scores, but no significant difference in K-SAD scores. CONCLUSION : The K-PCL showed a significant reliability and validity for paruresis. However, our results were not consistent with the notion that paruresis is a special form of social phobia.

A Study of Reliability and Validity on the Korean Version of Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This present study was conducted to explore the reliability and the validity of Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents Korean version (CAPS-CA). METHODS: The Subjects were children and adolescents (8-13yrs) from different places: a certain elementary school, three orphanages, a general hospital, and two neuropsychiatric local clinics. Only subjects who experienced a catastrophic traumatic event were tested by CAPS-CA, CDI, RCMAS, and TSC. RESULTS: The range of correlations between item-criterion were .67-.84. The coefficients of internal consistency were .87. and test-retest reliability was .90, were all the coefficients in the proper range. Inter-correlations of CAPS-CA, CDI, RCMAS, and TSC scale showed significant correlation. TSC showed the highest correlation coefficient. CAPS-CA can be a useful clinician- administered diagnostic instrument for children and adolescents PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSION: The reliability and the validity of CAPS-CA were confirmed. CAPS-CA could be applied for diagnostic purposes of PTSD in children and adolescents.