ABSTRACT
The effects of enriching two cultivars of yam (DioscorearotundataPoir) flour with sesame seed (SesamumindicumL) flour on their physicochemical and nutritional characteristics were studied. Yam flours were produced from Abujaand Efuruyams by parboiling at 60°C for 10 minutes and left overnight, followed by sun drying for four days. Enriched yam flour samples were prepared by thoroughly mixing the yam and sesame seed flour in ratios95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 respectively. Proximate, mineral and anti-nutrientcontent, as well as functional properties of enriched flours, were determined using standard methods of AOAC. The two yam-flour samples were low in moisture, crude protein, fat and ash content, high in carbohydrate and macro minerals, while Sesame seed was very low in moisture and carbohydrate, but very high in crude protein, fat, ash and macro minerals. The moisture, crude protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate content of the yams and enriched samples ranged between 11.9-13.8g, 3.3-7.5g, 0.5-13.8g, 2.0-2.6_g and 63.3-81.8_g/100g respectively. Addition of sesame seed flour resulted in the reduction of moisture and carbohydrate content and significant increase (p=0.05) in protein, fat and ash values of enriched samples. The protein, fat and mineral content of the enriched samples increased with increased level of sesame seed flour inclusion (p=0.05). Both yam and sesame flours were low in the antinutritional factors studied. Sesame flour was high in trypsin inhibitors and polyphenols. Enrichment with sesame flour resulted in further reduction in the antinutritional factors content with increase in trypsin inhibitors and polyphenols content of the products. Efuruvariety flour with its enriched products had higher water and oil absorption capacity, loose and packed bulk density and swelling capacity than Abujavariety flour. Enriching yam flour with sesame flour can improve the nutrients and functional properties of their products which can improve the nutritional status, health and well-being of consumers
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Malnutrition contributes to more than one-third of all child deaths worldwide and accounts for over 50 percent of under-five deaths in Nigeria. Both overnutrition and undernutrition exist among under-five children, leading to double burden of malnutrition, a major risk factor for chronic diseases. The study was conducted to assess the association between stunting and obesity among under-five children in urban and rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a four-stage random sampling technique to select 450 (214 males and 236 females) under-five children from Ibadan North (Urban) and Ido (Rural) Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Oyo State. A pre-tested, intervieweradministered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. Weight and height of the children were measured and categorized according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. Results: Mean age of children was 29.8±17.0 months (Ibadan North, 29.1±16.8; Ido, 31.9±17.4 months) with 52.6% being female. The prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity was 32.9%, 14.4% and 20.2%, respectively. A total of 30.7%, 17.2% and 22.1% of children in Ibadan North and 40.6%, 5.0% and 13.9% in Ido LGA were stunted, overweight and obese, respectively. High proportion of obese children (43.5%) was stunted, indicating co-existence of obesity and stunting among the population. Conclusion: Double burden of overweight and stunting found in urban and rural young children indicate that public policies should emphasise on targeting both malnutrition conditions to prevent the subsequent health risks and complicatio
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Introduction: The need for alternative protein and essential micronutrients sources for adequate complementary foods is urgent. Dried Marcrotermes bellicosus was reported to be a good source of dietary protein, fat, and micronutrients. This study investigated the fatty acid profile, protein, and essential micronutrient bioavailability in M. bellicosus using albino rats. Methods: M. bellicosus was collected around the Alegongo area, Akobo, Ibadan, Nigeria during their swarming flights, roasted at 105 °C for fifteen min, dewinged, and winnowed. The roasted sample was analysed for proximate, minerals, and antinutrients using standard methods of the AOAC International. Fatty acid profile was determined using a gas-liquid chromatographic method, whilst protein and essential minerals bioavailability were determined using weanling albino rats. Results: Roasted M. bellicosus contained 31.8 g protein, 16.4 g fat, 1.3 g ash, 46.5 g carbohydrates, 361.13 mg potassium, 227.50 mg calcium, 361.30 mg phosphorus, 15.03 mg zinc, 52.30% linolenic acid, 24.91% linoleic acid, 5.97% oleic acid and yielded 460.8 kcal gross energy/100g sample. The mean weight gain in the experimental diet group (+23.17±6.71) was significantly higher than that of the control diet group (+16.83±6.71) and the basal diet group (-19.50±9.03). The basal diet group had the least value for all serum micronutrient levels whilst the experimental diet group had the highest. Conclusion: M. bellicosus protein supported rat growth at a 15% inclusion level. The calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin A in M. bellicosus were bioavailable in rats. M. Bellicosus could be a potential novel food for humans.
ABSTRACT
The need for alternative protein and essential micronutrients sources for adequate complementary foods is urgent. Dried Marcrotermes bellicosus was reported to be a good source of dietary protein, fat, and micronutrients. This study investigated the fatty acid profile, protein, and essential micronutrient bioavailability in M. bellicosus using albino rats. Methods: M. bellicosus was collected around the Alegongo area, Akobo, Ibadan, Nigeria during their swarming flights, roasted at 105 °C for fifteen min, dewinged, and winnowed. The roasted sample was analysed for proximate, minerals, and antinutrients using standard methods of the AOAC International. Fatty acid profile was determined using a gas-liquid chromatographic method, whilst protein and essential minerals bioavailability were determined using weanling albino rats. Results: Roasted M. bellicosus contained 31.8 g protein, 16.4 g fat, 1.3 g ash, 46.5 g carbohydrates, 361.13 mg potassium, 227.50 mg calcium, 361.30 mg phosphorus, 15.03 mg zinc, 52.30% linolenic acid, 24.91% linoleic acid, 5.97% oleic acid and yielded 460.8 kcal gross energy/100g sample. The mean weight gain in the experimental diet group (+23.17±6.71) was significantly higher than that of the control diet group (+16.83±6.71) and the basal diet group (-19.50±9.03). The basal diet group had the least value for all serum micronutrient levels whilst the experimental diet group had the highest. Conclusion: M. bellicosus protein supported rat growth at a 15% inclusion level. The calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin A in M. bellicosus were bioavailable in rats. M. Bellicosus could be a potential novel food for humans.
ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of Nigerian men working in a tertiary institution toward infant feeding. Study Design: The study was cross sectional in design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria between April 2013 and May 2013. Methodology: A pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on the socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude of 170 male staff of the University of Ibadan regarding infant feeding. Knowledge questions and attitude statements were scored and categorized as adequate or inadequate knowledge; positive and negative attitude. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and association between knowledge and attitude was analyzed using chi square test with level of significant set at P<0.05. Results: The mean age of the men was 41±9 years and a large proportion (87.6%) was married. The respondents were largely (75.9%) non-academic staff. About two-third (67.6%) of the men had poor infant feeding knowledge while three out of ten had good knowledge. Most of the men (76.5%) had negative attitude towards infant feeding while only two out of ten men had positive attitude. Three-quarters (75.7%) of men with poor infant feeding knowledge had negative attitude towards infant feeding while only 2 out of every 10 men with adequate infant feeding knowledge had positive attitude towards infant feeding. However, no significant association was reported between the knowledge and attitude of respondents toward infant feeding (P=.72). Conclusion: Poor infant feeding knowledge and negative attitude towards infant feeding exhibited by men is of great concern. Intervention should therefore be targeted towards improving the breastfeeding knowledge and attitude of male partners especially those working in tertiary academic institutions.