ABSTRACT
Background: Santiago is a city with a high degree of environmental pollution caused by particulate matter and ozone, producing adverse effects in the respiratory system. Aim: to compare respiratory symptoms and cough reflex in adults from Santiago and from a rural area with low levels of environmental pollution. Subjects and methods: one hundred twenty six non smoker adults from Santiago and 116 from a rural area with low levels of pollution answered a respiratory symptoms questionnaire. Of these 101 subjects from Santiago and 116 from the rural area inbaled doubling concentrations of capsaicin from 0.5 to 500 µM or until five coughs were elicited. The lowest concentration eliciting 2 or more coughs (CD2) or 5 or more coughs (CD5) was recorded. Levels of environmental particulate matter were also recorded in both locations. Results: Levels of particulate matter were 102 ñ 41 an 64 ñ 24 µg/m3 in Santiago and the rural area respectively. People from Santiago had higher rates throat clearing, cough and pblegm. CD2 geometric mean and confidence limits in Santiago and the rural area were observed between both locations. Multivariate analysis disclosed the variable location (city) as the only independent predictor of respiratory symptoms. Conclusions: the increased CD2 found in Santiago suggests that the higher rates of respiratory symptoms related to air pollution can be associated to a decreased sensitivity of the cough reflex
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Cough , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Capsaicin , Air Pollutants/analysis , Meteorological Concepts , Bronchial Provocation TestsABSTRACT
Santiago de Chile es una ciudad cuyos niveles de contaminación atmosférica puden llegar a ser peligrosos, en determinadas ocasiones, para la salud y el bienestar de la población humana. En Enero de 1988 comenzó a funcionar el sistema de medición automático de la contaminación atmosférica de la ciudad de Santiago, llamado MACAM. En este artículo se describen los diversos factores que explican la elevada contaminación atmosférica de Santiago y las características de la red MACAM. También se describen los propósitos de las mediciones de la contaminación atmosférica y de las variables meteorológicas, el número y los lugares de ubicación de las estaciones de la red de monitoreo, como también los instrumentos y principios utilizados en la detección de los diferentes contaminantes del aire (partículas, CO, SO(2), NOx, NO(2) O(3) e hidrocarburos) y los criterios y formas de manejar la enorme cantidad de información que se genera