ABSTRACT
Bisphosphonates are chemical analogues of systemic pyrophosphates. Alendronate [an aminobisphosphonate] is a useful agent to inhibit bone resorption without adverse effects on matrix mineralization. It is an effective drug for the treatment of osteoporosis, paget's disease and periodontitis. The present study was designed to compare the inhibitory effect of Alendronate on alveolar bone resorption when applied locally versus systemic route of application in Genia pig jaw with experimental periodontitis. Induce inflammatory experimental periodontitis was done in 30male Genia pig. A standardized periapical radigographs were tokes for upper maxillary central incisors before induction and at the end of experiment. The animals were classified equally into three groups. Group I [control group]: animals with experimental periodontits with no medication. Group II animals with periodontitis and given subcutaneous injection of Alendronate. Group III. Animals with experimental periodontitis and given subcutaneous injected Alendronate. At the end of experimental period [on day 8] the animals were sacrified and the segment of maxillary central incisors was dissected carefully and prepared for histochemical stains. Also, a specially developed visual basic module was developed to detect mean gray level in the interdental alveolar hone between the upper maxillary incisors. Our result revealed, the prevention of alveolar bone resorption, regeneration of epithelial attachment, reorganization of periodontal ligament and turn over of alveolar hone were cleary detected in both treated groups hut they were prominent in local treated group than systemic one. These histochemical results were supported by our radiographic results as statistically significant differences were found between three groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study, showed systemic and local Alendronate treatment inhibit the loss of alveolar bone in Genia pigs with experimental periodontitis. However in the light of this study for the clinical application of these compounds, localized use at a specific site without systemic effect would be desirable