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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(2): 483-487, jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954141

ABSTRACT

The piriform aperture is an anatomical structure generally pear-shaped, formed by some facial bones. The knowledge of its morphological presentation is of significant importance for performing a surgical procedure. This study aimed to analyze the morphometry and shape of the piriform aperture in human skulls, considering the sexual dimorphism of this structure. One hundred (100) human skulls were evaluated. The measurements were made with a digital caliper rule. Two parameters were analyzed: the height of the piriform aperture (R-ANS) - distance between the bottom edge of internasal suture to the anterior nasal spine; width (PA-W) - the longest distance in a transverse plane. Its form was evaluated according to seven types described in the literature and the sex differentiation (based on the Vanrell frame). For data analysis between sexes, we used the Student's t-test (p<0.05; CI: 95 %). In this study it was observed that the height (R-ANS) of the piriform aperture in males (31.4 mm) was higher than in females (29.4 mm), without significant differences. The width (PA-W) had equal means values for both sexes (25.7 mm). Regarding the shape of the pyriform aperture, it was found that the type I (pear) is the most common in males (43.6 %) and in women the type VII (rounded) is the predominant type (36 %). When sexes were evaluated in a combined manner, it was observed that the most common was the type I (pear - 39.1 %) and the less common were type III (diamond - 0.0 %), type II (inverted heart - 1.6 %) and type IV (inverted heart - 3.1 %). Knowledge of these morphometric data and piriform aperture formats is essential for surgical procedures involving this anatomical region. The results, particularly those related to the shape of the piriform aperture in women, may contribute to future work related to this facial structure, leading to better surgical decisions.


La apertura piriforme es una estructura anatómica generalmente en forma de pera, formada por algunos huesos faciales. El conocimiento de su presentación morfológica es de importancia en los procedimientos quirúrgicos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la morfometría y la forma de la apertura piriforme en cráneos humanos, teniendo en cuenta el dimorfismo sexual de esta estructura. Se evaluaron cien cráneos humanos y las mediciones se realizaron con una regla de pinza digital. Se analizaron dos parámetros: la altura de la apertura piriforme - distancia entre el margen inferior de la sutura internasal y la espina nasal anterior; ancho de la distancia mayor en un plano transversal. Su forma fue evaluada según siete tipos descritos en la literatura y la diferenciación de sexo (basada en el marco de Vanrell). Para el análisis de datos entre los sexos, se utilizó la prueba t de Student (p <0,05; IC: 95 %). En este estudio se observó que la altura (R-ANS) de la apertura piriforme en los hombres (31,4 mm) era más alta que en las mujeres (29,4 mm), sin diferencias significativas. El ancho (PA-A) tenía valores medios iguales para ambos sexos (25,7 mm). En cuanto a la forma de la apertura piriforme, se encontró que el tipo I (pera) es el más común en los hombres (43,6 %) y en las mujeres el tipo VII (redondeado) es el tipo predominante (36 %). Cuando se evaluaron los sexos en conjunto, se observó que el más común fue el tipo I (pera - 39,1 %) y los menos comunes fueron el tipo III (diamante - 0,0 %), tipo II (corazón invertido - bajo la espina nasal 1,6 %) y tipo IV (corazón invertido a nivel de la espina nasal- 3,1 %). El conocimiento de estos datos morfométricos y formatos de apertura piriforme es esencial para los procedimientos quirúrgicos que involucran esta región anatómica. Los resultados, en particular los relacionados con la forma de la apertura piriforme en las mujeres, pueden contribuir al trabajo futuro relacionado con esta estructura facial, lo que llevará a mejores decisiones quirúrgicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Skull/anatomy & histology , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology
2.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 31(4): e1403, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973368

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: The celiac trunk (CT) is one of the abdominal portion branches of the aortic artery and, together with the superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries, participates in the abdominal viscera vascularization through a series of anastomoses. Absence of CT or variation in the number of terminal branches implies in varied abdominal arteries origins, which may have implication in surgical approaches. Objective: To analyze the anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and possible associated surgical clinical implications. Methods: It is a systematic review of articles indexed in the PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Springerlink, Scienc Direct and Latindex databases from August to September 2017. Original articles involving the anatomical variations of the celiac trunk in humans were included. The presence/absence of the celiac trunk, the number of terminal branches and the place of origin of its branches in variant cases of the normal anatomical pattern, were considered for this study. Results: At the end of the research, 12 articles were selected, characterized by sample, anatomical structure evaluation method and main results. The normal anatomical pattern was the most prevalent in most studies (75.0%). CT was absent in 41.7% of the findings. The most prevalent anatomical variation was the presence of CT with bifurcation (66.7%). It was also observed the origin of the common and splenic hepatic arteries from the mesenteric arteries (25.0%). The presence of only one branch (16.7%) and quadrifurcation (8.33%) were other findings. Conclusion: CT variations are not uncommon findings, with different anatomic variants being reported. Thus, the importance of knowing the possible variations of this structure is emphasized, which may have implications for surgical interventions and imaging studies related to the abdominal region.


RESUMO Introdução: O tronco celíaco (TC) surge da aorta abdominal e juntamente com as artérias mesentérica superior e mesentérica inferior participa da vascularização de vísceras abdominais por meio de uma série de anastomoses. Ausência do TC ou variação no número de ramos terminais implica em origens variadas das artérias abdominais, o que pode ter implicação em abordagens cirúrgicas. Objetivo: Analisar as variações anatômicas do TC e as possíveis implicações clínico/cirúrgicas associadas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de artigos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Springerlink, Scienc Direct e Latindex, no período de agosto a setembro de 2017. Foram incluídos artigos originais envolvendo as variações anatômicas do TC em humanos. Considerou-se para este estudo a presença/ausência do TC, o número de ramos terminais e o local de origem de seus ramos em casos variantes do padrão anatômico normal. A coleta foi realizada por dois revisores independentes. Resultados: Ao final da busca foram selecionados 12 artigos, caracterizados quanto à amostra, método para avaliar a estrutura anatômica e principais resultados. O padrão anatômico normal foi o mais prevalente na maioria dos trabalhos (75,0%). O TC foi ausente em 41,7% dos achados. A variação anatômica mais prevalente foi a presença do TC com bifurcação (66,7%). Observou-se, ainda, a origem das artérias hepática comum e esplênica a partir das artérias mesentéricas (25,0%). A presença de apenas um ramo (16,7%) e quadrifurcação (8,33%) foram outros achados presentes. Conclusão: Variações do TC não são achados incomuns, sendo relatados diferentes variantes anatômicas. Desse modo, ressalta-se a importância sobre o conhecimento das possíveis variações dessa estrutura, o que pode ter implicação em intervenções cirúrgicas e exames de imagem relacionados à região abdominal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Celiac Artery/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Variation , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Arteries/surgery , Celiac Artery/surgery
3.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(2): 109-116, Feb. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614528

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of Pressure Controlled Ventilation mode (PCV-C) and PSV mode in diaphragm muscle of rats. METHODS: Wistar rats (n=18) were randomly assigned to the control group or to receive 6 hours of PCV and PSV. After this period, animals were euthanized and their diaphragms were excised, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in at -80º C for further histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: Results showed a 15 percent decrease in cross-sectional area of muscle fibers on the PCV-C group when compared to the control group (p<0.001) and by 10 percent when compared to the PSV group (p<0.05). Minor diameter was decreased in PCV-C group by 9 percent when compared with the control group (p<0.001) and by 6 percent when compared to the PSV group (p<0.05). When myonuclear area was analyzed, a 16 percent decrease was observed in the PCV-C group when compared to the PSV group (p<0.05). No significant difference between the groups was observed in myonuclear perimeter (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Short-term controlled mechanical ventilation seems to lead to muscular atrophy in diaphragm fibers. The PSV mode may attenuate the effects of VIDD.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do modo ventilatório controlado por pressão controlada (PCV-C) e do modo PSV sobre o músculo diafragma de ratos. MÉTODOS: Ratos (n = 18) da linhagem Wistar foram distribuídos no grupo controle (RE) ou para receber AVM por 6 horas no modo PCV-C e no modo PSV. Após esse período, os animais foram eutanasiados, o diafragma retirado e encaminhado para a análise histológica e morfométrica. RESULTADOS: Os resultados revelaram uma redução da área das fibras musculares de 15 por cento no grupo PCV-C em comparação ao controle (p<0,001) e de 10 por cento quando comparado ao grupo PSV (p<0,05). Já com relação ao diâmetro menor observou-se uma redução de 9 por cento do grupo PCV-C em comparação ao controle (p<0,001) e de 6 por cento em relação ao grupo PSV (p<0,05). Quando avaliada a área dos mionúcleos, notou-se uma redução de 16 por cento desse parâmetro no grupo PCV-C, comparado ao PSV (p<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa no perímetro dos mionúcleos entre os grupos estudados (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O grupo PCV-C apresentou atrofia muscular em um período curto de ventilação mecânica. O modo PSV parece atenuar os efeitos da DDIV.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Diaphragm/pathology , Muscular Atrophy/etiology , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Body Weight , Diaphragm/physiopathology , Models, Animal , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Time Factors
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(3): 934-938, Sept. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-608685

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to analyze the muscle fibers by histochemistry and morphometric methods from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle of five boys between 13 and 15-years of age, with clinical diagnosis of DMD. The histochemistry was performed using myofibrillar ATPases (9.6, 4.6 and 4.3). To morphometrical analysis a computerized semiautomatic system and software Image-Lab was used. ATPase staining showed atrophy of muscle fibers. Fibrosis and adipose deposition occurred in variable degree depending of muscular involvement. The morphometrical analysis showed an increase of size (percentage) to type I fiber than other types in all patients. Furthermore, the type I fiber had a larger cross-sectional area and mean diameter than type IIa and IIb fibers. Both histochemistry and morphometric analysis could be important tools for qualitative and quantitative diagnostics of muscle fibers attacked in this type of disease.


El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las fibras musculares mediante histoquímica y métodos morfométricos en pacientes con distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD). Se tomaron biopsias musculares del músculo vasto lateral de cinco niños entre 13 y 15 años de edad, con diagnóstico clínico de DMD. La histoquímica se realizó mediante ATPasa miofibrilar (9.6, 4.6 y 4.3). Para el análisis morfométrico se utilizó un sistema semiautomático computarizado y software de imagen de laboratorio. La tinción de ATPasa mostró una atrofia de las fibras musculares. La fibrosis y depósito adiposo se observó en grado variable dependiendo del compromiso muscular. El análisis morfométrico mostró un aumento de tamaño (porcentaje) de fibras tipo I en todos los pacientes. Además, la fibra tipo I tuvo un área de sección transversal y diámetro medio mayor que las fibras tipos IIa y IIb. Tanto la histoquímica y el análisis morfométrico pueden ser herramientas importantes para el diagnóstico cualitativo y cuantitativo de las fibras musculares comprometidas en este tipo de enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Child , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/surgery , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/diagnosis , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/microbiology , Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/cytology , Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/classification , Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/chemistry , Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/ultrastructure , Histocytochemistry/methods , Histological Techniques/methods
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